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For certain infinitely-wide neural networks, the neural tangent kernel (NTK) theory fully characterizes generalization, but for the networks used in practice, the empirical NTK only provides a rough first-order approximation. Still, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Guillermo Ortiz-Jiménez , Seyed-Mohsen Moosavi-Dezfooli , Pascal Frossard

The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) characterizes the behavior of infinitely-wide neural networks trained under least squares loss by gradient descent. Recent works also report that NTK regression can outperform finitely-wide neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Amir Zandieh , Insu Han , Haim Avron , Neta Shoham , Chaewon Kim , Jinwoo Shin

Implicit Neural Representation (INR) as a mighty representation paradigm has achieved success in various computer vision tasks recently. Due to the low-frequency bias issue of vanilla multi-layer perceptron (MLP), existing methods have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Kexuan Shi , Xingyu Zhou , Shuhang Gu

Training implicit neural representations (INRs) to capture fine-scale details typically relies on iterative backpropagation and is often hindered by spectral bias when the target exhibits highly non-uniform frequency content. We propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Woojin Cho , Junghwan Park

Representing a signal as a continuous function parameterized by neural network (a.k.a. Implicit Neural Representations, INRs) has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Neural Processes (NPs), which model the distributions over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Zongyu Guo , Cuiling Lan , Zhizheng Zhang , Yan Lu , Zhibo Chen

The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) characterizes the behavior of infinitely wide neural nets trained under least squares loss by gradient descent. However, despite its importance, the super-quadratic runtime of kernel methods limits the use of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Amir Zandieh

Fisher information matrices and neural tangent kernels (NTK) for 2-layer ReLU networks with random hidden weight are argued. We discuss the relation between both notions as a linear transformation and show that spectral decomposition of NTK…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Jun'ichi Takeuchi , Yoshinari Takeishi , Noboru Murata , Kazushi Mimura , Ka Long Keith Ho , Hiroshi Nagaoka

Implicit neural representation (INR) has emerged as a promising solution for encoding volumetric data, offering continuous representations and seamless compatibility with the volume rendering pipeline. However, optimizing an INR network…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Maizhe Yang , Kaiyuan Tang , Chaoli Wang

Implicit Neural Representations (INRs) model signals as continuous, differentiable functions. However, monolithic INRs scale poorly with data dimensionality, leading to excessive training costs. We propose F-INR, a framework that addresses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Sai Karthikeya Vemuri , Tim Büchner , Joachim Denzler

Implicit neural representations have emerged as a powerful tool in learning 3D geometry, offering unparalleled advantages over conventional representations like mesh-based methods. A common type of INR implicitly encodes a shape's boundary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Shen Fan , Przemyslaw Musialski

Implicit neural representations (INRs) have emerged as a compact and parametric alternative to discrete array-based data representations, encoding information directly in neural network weights to enable resolution-independent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yuan Ni , Zhantao Chen , Cheng Peng , Rajan Plumley , Chun Hong Yoon , Jana B. Thayer , Joshua J. Turner

The underlying mechanism of neural networks in capturing precise knowledge has been the subject of consistent research efforts. In this work, we propose a theoretical approach based on Neural Tangent Kernels (NTKs) to investigate such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Xiaobing Sun , Jiaxi Li , Wei Lu

Implicit Neural Representations (INRs) are widely used to encode data as continuous functions, enabling the visualization of large-scale multivariate scientific simulation data with reduced memory usage. However, existing INR-based methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Hyunsoo Son , Jeonghyun Noh , Suemin Jeon , Chaoli Wang , Won-Ki Jeong

Implicit Neural Representations (INRs) have recently shown impressive results, but their fundamental capacity, implicit biases, and scaling behavior remain poorly understood. We investigate the performance of diverse INRs across a suite of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-27 Namhoon Kim , Sara Fridovich-Keil

Implicit neural representations (INRs) have emerged as a powerful paradigm for medical imaging via physics-informed unsupervised learning. Classical INRs optimize an entire network from scratch for each subject, leading to inefficient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Qing Wu , Xuanyu Tian , Chenhe Du , Haonan Zhang , Xiao Wang , Le Lu , Yuyao Zhang

We study training one-hidden-layer ReLU networks in the neural tangent kernel (NTK) regime, where the networks' biases are initialized to some constant rather than zero. We prove that under such initialization, the neural network will have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Hongru Yang , Ziyu Jiang , Ruizhe Zhang , Yingbin Liang , Zhangyang Wang

Implicit neural representation (INR) can describe the target scenes with high fidelity using a small number of parameters, and is emerging as a promising data compression technique. However, limited spectrum coverage is intrinsic to INR,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Runzhao Yang , Tingxiong Xiao , Yuxiao Cheng , Jinli Suo , Qionghai Dai

Given the complexity of genetic risk prediction, there is a critical need for the development of novel methodologies that can effectively capture intricate genotype--phenotype relationships (e.g., nonlinear) while remaining statistically…

Applications · Statistics 2025-10-03 Heng Ge , Qing Lu

Implicit Neural Representations (INRs) are powerful to parameterize continuous signals in computer vision. However, almost all INRs methods are limited to low-level tasks, e.g., image/video compression, super-resolution, and image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Yiran Song , Qianyu Zhou , Lizhuang Ma

The evolution of a deep neural network trained by the gradient descent can be described by its neural tangent kernel (NTK) as introduced in [20], where it was proven that in the infinite width limit the NTK converges to an explicit limiting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Jiaoyang Huang , Horng-Tzer Yau