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An efficient technique of computing on encrypted data allows a client with limited capability to perform complex operations on a remote fault-tolerant server without leaking anything about the input or output. Quantum computing provides…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-25 Mohit Joshi , Manoj Kumar Mishra , S. Karthikeyan

When a universal quantum computer is used by the public, it is assumed that it will be in the form of a quantum cloud server that exists in a few bases due to its cost. In this cloud server, privacy will be a crucial issue, and a blind…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-16 Yuichi Sano

Blind quantum computation (BQC) allows that a client who has limited quantum abilities can delegate quantum computation to a server who has advanced quantum technologies but learns nothing about the client's private information. However, it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-12 Xiaoqian Zhang

In blind quantum computation (BQC), a client delegates her quantum computation to a server with universal quantum computers who learns nothing about the client's private information. In measurement-based BQC model, entangled states are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-27 Xiaoqian Zhang , Weiqi Luo , Guoqiang Zeng , Jian Weng , Yaxi Yang , Minrong Chen , Xiaoqing Tan

Blind quantum computation (BQC) protocol allows a client having partially quantum ability to del- egate his quantum computation to a remote quantum server without leaking any information about the input, the output and the intended…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-22 Shih-Min Hung , Tzonelih Hwang

Blind quantum computing (BQC) is a promising application of distributed quantum systems, where a client can perform computations on a remote server without revealing any details of the applied circuit. While the most promising realizations…

Blind quantum computation allows a client without enough quantum technologies to delegate her quantum computation to a remote quantum server, while keeping her input, output and algorithm secure. In this paper, we propose a universal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-07 Hai-Ru Xu , Bang-Hai Wang

A user who does not have a quantum computer but wants to perform quantum computations may delegate his computation to a quantum cloud server. In order that the delegation works, it must be assured that no evil server can obtain any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-23 Yuichi Sano

Recent experimental achievements motivate an ever-growing interest from companies starting to feel the limitations of classical computing. Yet, in light of ongoing privacy scandals, the future availability of quantum computing through…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-13 Elham Kashefi , Dominik Leichtle , Luka Music , Harold Ollivier

We discuss how blind quantum computing generalizes to multi-level quantum systems (qudits), which offers advantages compared to the qubit approach. Here, a quantum computing task is delegated to an untrusted server while simultaneously…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-03 Alena Romanova , Wolfgang Dür

Blind Quantum Computing (BQC) allows a client to have a server carry out a quantum computation for them such that the client's input, output and computation remain private. A desirable property for any BQC protocol is verification, whereby…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-12 Joseph F. Fitzsimons , Elham Kashefi

Blind quantum computation allows a user to delegate a computation to an untrusted server while keeping the computation hidden. A number of recent works have sought to establish bounds on the communication requirements necessary to implement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-10 Carlos A. Pérez-Delgado , Joseph F. Fitzsimons

The question of whether a fully classical client can delegate a quantum computation to an untrusted quantum server while fully maintaining privacy (blindness) is one of the big open questions in quantum cryptography. Both yes and no answers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-07 Vedran Dunjko , Elham Kashefi

Blind quantum computation (BQC) is a model in which a computation is performed on a server by a client such that the server is kept blind about the input, the algorithm, and the output of the computation. Here we layout a general framework…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-30 Mear M. R. Koochakie

Current cloud-based quantum processors offer access to advanced hardware hosted on a remote server, but do not guarantee data or algorithm privacy. Blind quantum computation provides information-theoretic privacy by enabling a client to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-15 Yongxin Song , Johannes Knörzer , Kieran Dalton , Andreas Wallraff , Jean-Claude Besse

Universal blind quantum computing allows users with minimal quantum resources to delegate a quantum computation to a remote quantum server, while keeping intrinsically hidden input, algorithm, and outcome. State-of-art experimental…

Quantum computers, besides offering substantial computational speedups, are also expected to provide the possibility of preserving the privacy of a computation. Here we show the first such experimental demonstration of blind quantum…

Quantum technologies hold the promise of not only faster algorithmic processing of data, via quantum computation, but also of more secure communications, in the form of quantum cryptography. In recent years, a number of protocols have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-01 Joseph F. Fitzsimons

The recently proposed Universal Blind Quantum Computation (UBQC) protocol allows a client to perform an arbitrary quantum computation on a remote server such that perfect privacy is guaranteed if the client is capable of producing random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-06-01 Vedran Dunjko , Elham Kashefi , Anthony Leverrier

We present a protocol which allows a client to have a server carry out a quantum computation for her such that the client's inputs, outputs and computation remain perfectly private, and where she does not require any quantum computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-02-22 Anne Broadbent , Joseph Fitzsimons , Elham Kashefi
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