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A variational principle is introduced which minimizes an action formulated for configurations of vacuum Dirac seas. The action is analyzed in position and momentum space. We relate the corresponding Euler-Lagrange equations to the notion of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-01-28 Felix Finster , Stefan Hoch

The Hamilton-Lagrange action principle for Relativistic Schr\"odinger Theory (RST) is converted to a variational principle (with constraints) for the stationary bound states. The groundstate energy is the minimally possible value of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-07-03 M. Mattes , M. Sorg

Lanchester's model of combat has certain deficiencies in its standard form arising from the neglect of the influence of random fluctuations. Several approaches to rectify this have been proposed and various results are scattered throughout…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-05-09 Michael J. Kearney , Richard J. Martin

In this paper, we show that the difficulties of interpretation of the principle of least action concerning "final causes" or "efficient causes" are due to the existence of two different actions, the "Euler-Lagrange action" (or classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Michel Gondran , Alexandre Gondran

A generalized canonical form of action of dynamic theories with higher derivatives is proposed, which does not require the introduction of additional dynamic variables. This form is the initial point for the construction of quantum theory,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-16 Natalia Gorobey , Alexander Lukyanenko , A. V. Goltsev

In this paper, we show how to study the evolution of a system, given imprecise knowledge about the state of the system and the dynamics laws. Our approach is based on Fuzzy Set Theory, and it will be shown that the \emph{Fuzzy Dynamics} of…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2015-06-19 Uziel Sandler

Machine Learning algorithms are typically regarded as appropriate optimization schemes for minimizing risk functions that are constructed on the training set, which conveys statistical flavor to the corresponding learning problem. When the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-05 Alessandro Betti , Marco Gori

Learning predictive world models from visual observations is a core problem in embodied AI, with applications to model-based reinforcement learning and robotic planning. Existing latent world models typically generate future states with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Qixin Xiao , Maani Ghaffari

Backpropagation is typically presented as a symbolic procedure: a backward pass topologically distinct from inference, with non-local error signals and synchronous global clocking, features with no clear analog in physical reality. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Antonino Emanuele Scurria

A new variational method, the principle of least radix economy, is formulated. The mathematical and physical relevance of the radix economy, also called digit capacity, is established, showing how physical laws can be derived from this…

General Physics · Physics 2015-02-20 Vladimir Garcia-Morales

A least action principle for damping motion has been previously proposed with a Hamiltonian and a Lagrangian containing the energy dissipated by friction. Due to the space-time nonlocality of the Lagrangian, mathematical uncertainties…

Classical Physics · Physics 2014-12-03 Tongling Lin , Qiuping A. Wang

In this paper we study the problem of the existence of a least-action principle for invertible, second-order dynamical systems, discrete in time and space. We show that, when the configuration space is finite, a least-action principle does…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2007-05-23 Gianluca Caterina , Bruce Boghosian

We formulate a variational principle for non-relativistic quantum mechanics inspired by Gauss's principle of least constraint. We define a quantum constraint functional as the probability-weighted square deviation between the actual motion…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Ning Liu

Formulating the equations of motion for cosmological bodies (such as galaxies) in an integral, rather than differential, form has several advantages. Using an integral the mathematical instability at early times is avoided and the boundary…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Alan B. Whiting

The extended principle of minimal action is described in the presence of prescribed source and sink points. Under the assumption of zero net flux, it leads to an optimal Monge-Kantorovich transport problem of metric type. We concentrate on…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2007-05-23 G. Wolansky

A new form of governing equations is derived from Hamilton's principle of least action for a constrained Lagrangian, depending on conserved quantities and their derivatives with respect to the time-space. This form yields conservation laws…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2008-01-16 Sergey Gavrilyuk , Henri Gouin

Minimum attention applies the least action principle to changes of control concerning state and time, first proposed by Brockett. The involved regularization is highly relevant in emulating biological control, such as motor learning. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Shashank Gupta , Pilhwa Lee

Optimization is a major part of human effort. While being mathematical, optimization is also built into physics. For example, physics has the principle of Least Action, the principle of Minimum Entropy Generation, and the Variational…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-07-23 Sri Krishna Vadlamani , Tianyao Patrick Xiao , Eli Yablonovitch

Most physical systems are modelled by an ordinary or a partial differential equation, like the n-body problem in celestial mechanics. In some cases, for example when studying the long term behaviour of the solar system or for complex…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-08-16 Jacky Cresson , Sébastien Darses

Stochastic mechanics is regarded as a physical theory to explain quantum mechanics with classical terms such that some of the quantum mechanics paradoxes can be avoided. Here we propose a new variational principle to uncover more insights…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-02 Jianhao M. Yang