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With the explosive growth of internet technology, easy transfer of digital multimedia is feasible. However, this kind of convenience with which authorized users can access information, turns out to be a mixed blessing due to information…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-05-22 Saraju P. Mohanty

The rapid advancement of text-to-image generation systems, exemplified by models like Stable Diffusion, Midjourney, Imagen, and DALL-E, has heightened concerns about their potential misuse. In response, companies like Meta and Google have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Niyar R Barman , Krish Sharma , Ashhar Aziz , Shashwat Bajpai , Shwetangshu Biswas , Vasu Sharma , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha , Amit Sheth , Amitava Das

The advent of high-quality video generation models has amplified the need for robust watermarking schemes that can be used to reliably detect and track the provenance of generated videos. Existing video watermarking methods based on both…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Samar Fares , Nurbek Tastan , Karthik Nandakumar

This paper introduces a novel problem, distributional information embedding, motivated by the practical demands of multi-bit watermarking for large language models (LLMs). Unlike traditional information embedding, which embeds information…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Haiyun He , Yepeng Liu , Ziqiao Wang , Yongyi Mao , Yuheng Bu

Digital watermarks can be embedded into AI-generated content (AIGC) by initializing the generation process with starting points sampled from a secret distribution. When combined with pseudorandom error-correcting codes, such watermarked…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 De Zhang Lee , Han Fang , Hanyi Wang , Ee-Chien Chang

Digital watermarking is a technique of embedding pieces of information into digital data such as text, audio, video, and still images that can be detected or extracted later to show authentication about the data. Watermark is hidden…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2013-04-01 Nisha Sharma , Kamlesh Sharma

The rapid development of multimedia and internet allows for wide distribution of digital media data. It becomes much easier to edit, modify and duplicate digital information besides that, digital documents are also easy to copy and…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2010-03-23 Mahmoud Elnajjar , A. A Zaidan , B. B Zaidan , Mohamed Elhadi M. Sharif , Hamdan. O. Alanazi

A novel video watermarking system operating in the three dimensional wavelet transform is here presented. Specifically the video sequence is partitioned into spatio temporal units and the single shots are projected onto the 3D wavelet…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2009-11-03 A. Essaouabi , F. Regragui , E. Ibnelhaj

AI-generated medical images are gaining growing popularity due to their potential to address the data scarcity challenge in the real world. However, the issue of accurate identification of these synthetic images, particularly when they…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-22 Xiaodan Xing , Huiyu Zhou , Yingying Fang , Guang Yang

Watermarking diffusion-generated images is crucial for copyright protection and user tracking. However, current diffusion watermarking methods face significant limitations: zero-bit watermarking systems lack the capacity for large-scale…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Jiazheng Xing , Hai Ci , Hongbin Xu , Hangjie Yuan , Yong Liu , Mike Zheng Shou

Watermarking has emerged as a promising technique to track AI-generated content and differentiate it from authentic human creations. While prior work extensively studies watermarking for autoregressive large language models (LLMs) and image…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Avi Bagchi , Akhil Bhimaraju , Moulik Choraria , Daniel Alabi , Lav R. Varshney

Watermarking has emerged as a promising technique for detecting texts generated by LLMs. Current research has primarily focused on three design criteria: high quality of the watermarked text, high detectability, and robustness against…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Li An , Yujian Liu , Yepeng Liu , Yang Zhang , Yuheng Bu , Shiyu Chang

Invisible Image Watermarking is crucial for ensuring content provenance and accountability in generative AI. While Gen-AI providers are increasingly integrating invisible watermarking systems, the robustness of these schemes against forgery…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Ziping Dong , Chao Shuai , Zhongjie Ba , Peng Cheng , Zhan Qin , Qinglong Wang , Kui Ren

Backdoor attack aims to deceive a victim model when facing backdoor instances while maintaining its performance on benign data. Current methods use manual patterns or special perturbations as triggers, while they often overlook the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Ruofei Wang , Renjie Wan , Zongyu Guo , Qing Guo , Rui Huang

Digital watermarking techniques are crucial for copyright protection and source identification of images, especially in the era of generative AI models. However, many existing watermarking methods, particularly content-agnostic approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Pei Yang , Hai Ci , Yiren Song , Mike Zheng Shou

Digital watermarking has been widely studied for the protection of intellectual property. Traditional watermarking schemes often design in a "wider" rule, which applies one general embedding mechanism to all images. But this will limit the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Zhaoyang Jia , Han Fang , Zehua Ma , Weiming Zhang

In this paper, a new reversible image authentication technique with tamper localization based on watermarking in integer wavelet transform is proposed. If the image authenticity is verified, then the distortion due to embedding the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2009-12-04 P. Meenakshi Devi , M. Venkatesan , K. Duraiswamy

This paper introduces a novel watermarking method for diffusion models. It is based on guiding the diffusion process using the gradient computed from any off-the-shelf watermark decoder. The gradient computation encompasses different image…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Enoal Gesny , Eva Giboulot , Teddy Furon , Vivien Chappelier

With the increasing popularity of large language models, concerns over content authenticity have led to the development of myriad watermarking schemes. These schemes can be used to detect a machine-generated text via an appropriate key,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-26 Soham Bonnerjee , Sayar Karmakar , Subhrajyoty Roy

Methods for watermarking large language models have been proposed that distinguish AI-generated text from human-generated text by slightly altering the model output distribution, but they also distort the quality of the text, exposing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Massieh Kordi Boroujeny , Ya Jiang , Kai Zeng , Brian Mark