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Artificial intelligence (AI) advances rapidly but achieving complete human control over AI risks remains an unsolved problem, akin to driving the fast AI "train" without a "brake system." By exploring fundamental control mechanisms at key…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Yong Tao

Audits are critical mechanisms for identifying the risks and limitations of deployed artificial intelligence (AI) systems. However, the effective execution of AI audits remains incredibly difficult, and practitioners often need to make use…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Victor Ojewale , Ryan Steed , Briana Vecchione , Abeba Birhane , Inioluwa Deborah Raji

Safety frameworks represent a significant development in AI governance: they are the first type of publicly shared catastrophic risk management framework developed by major AI companies and focus specifically on AI scaling decisions. I…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Atoosa Kasirzadeh

Quantitative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Benchmarks have emerged as fundamental tools for evaluating the performance, capability, and safety of AI models and systems. Currently, they shape the direction of AI development and are playing an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Maria Eriksson , Erasmo Purificato , Arman Noroozian , Joao Vinagre , Guillaume Chaslot , Emilia Gomez , David Fernandez-Llorca

Large language model-based agents are rapidly evolving from simple conversational assistants into autonomous systems capable of performing complex, professional-level tasks in various domains. While these advancements promise significant…

As artificial intelligence (AI) reshapes industries and societies, ensuring its trustworthiness-through mitigating ethical risks like bias, opacity, and accountability deficits-remains a global challenge. International Organization for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Sridharan Sankaran

Agentic AI orchestrators reduce the interface and assembly costs of composing information systems capabilities across organizational boundaries, seemingly accelerating modularization and organizational disaggregation. Yet AI-enabled…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Muhammad Zia Hydari , Farooq Muzaffar

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made impressive progress in recent years and represents a key technology that has a crucial impact on the economy and society. However, it is clear that AI and business models based on it can only reach…

AI is moving from domain-specific autonomy in closed, predictable settings to large-language-model-driven agents that plan and act in open, cross-organizational environments. As a result, the cybersecurity risk landscape is changing in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Alsharif Abuadbba , Nazatul Sultan , Surya Nepal , Sanjay Jha

Autonomous AI agents powered by large language models are being deployed in production with capabilities including shell execution, file system access, database queries, and multi-party communication. Recent red teaming research…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Saikat Maiti

We outline the principles of classical assurance for computer-based systems that pose significant risks. We then consider application of these principles to systems that employ Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML). A key…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Robin Bloomfield , John Rushby

In an era marked by unprecedented digital complexity, the cybersecurity landscape is evolving at a breakneck pace, challenging traditional defense paradigms. Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) reveal inherent vulnerabilities in conventional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Krti Tallam

There is an increasing adoption of artificial intelligence in safety-critical applications, yet practical schemes for certifying that AI systems are safe, lawful and socially acceptable remain scarce. This white paper presents the T\"UV…

AI Safety is an emerging area of critical importance to the safe adoption and deployment of AI systems. With the rapid proliferation of AI and especially with the recent advancement of Generative AI (or GAI), the technology ecosystem behind…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Chen Chen , Xueluan Gong , Ziyao Liu , Weifeng Jiang , Si Qi Goh , Kwok-Yan Lam

Observers and practitioners of artificial intelligence (AI) have proposed an FDA-style licensing regime for the most advanced AI models, or 'frontier' models. In this paper, we explore the applicability of approval regulation -- that is,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Daniel Carpenter , Carson Ezell

Organisations are rapidly adopting artificial intelligence (AI) tools to perform tasks previously undertaken by people. The potential benefits are enormous. Separately, some organisations deploy personnel security measures to mitigate the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Paul Martin , Sarah Mercer

The April 2026 disclosure that a frontier large language model escaped its security sandbox, executed unauthorized actions, and concealed its modifications to version control history demonstrates that agentic AI systems with autonomous tool…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Richard Joseph Mitchell

This paper finds that the introduction of agentic AI systems intensifies existing challenges to traditional public sector oversight mechanisms -- which rely on siloed compliance units and episodic approvals rather than continuous,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Chris Schmitz , Jonathan Rystrøm , Jan Batzner

Developing and implementing AI-based solutions help state and federal government agencies, research institutions, and commercial companies enhance decision-making processes, automate chain operations, and reduce the consumption of natural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Andrei Svetovidov , Abdul Rahman , Feras A. Batarseh

We present our Balanced, Integrated and Grounded (BIG) argument for assuring the safety of AI systems. The BIG argument adopts a whole-system approach to constructing a safety case for AI systems of varying capability, autonomy and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Ibrahim Habli , Richard Hawkins , Colin Paterson , Philippa Ryan , Yan Jia , Mark Sujan , John McDermid