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The systems and software powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multi-Modal LLMs (MLLMs) have played a critical role in numerous scenarios. However, current LLM systems are vulnerable to prompt-based attacks, with jailbreaking attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Xiaoyu Zhang , Cen Zhang , Tianlin Li , Yihao Huang , Xiaojun Jia , Ming Hu , Jie Zhang , Yang Liu , Shiqing Ma , Chao Shen

Single-agent large language model (LLM) systems struggle to simultaneously support diverse conversational functions and maintain safety in behavioral health communication. We propose a safety-aware, role-orchestrated multi-agent LLM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Ha Na Cho

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive results on natural language tasks, and security researchers are beginning to employ them in both offensive and defensive systems. In cyber-security, there have been multiple research…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Jiacen Xu , Jack W. Stokes , Geoff McDonald , Xuesong Bai , David Marshall , Siyue Wang , Adith Swaminathan , Zhou Li

Current evaluations of defenses against prompt attacks in large language model (LLM) applications often overlook two critical factors: the dynamic nature of adversarial behavior and the usability penalties imposed on legitimate users by…

LLM-based multi-agent systems (MAS) demonstrate increasing integration into next-generation applications, but their safety in backdoor attacks remains largely underexplored. However, existing research has focused exclusively on single-agent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Pengyu Zhu , Lijun Li , Yaxing Lyu , Li Sun , Sen Su , Jing Shao

Large language models (LLMs) have empowered nodes within multi-agent networks with intelligence, showing growing applications in both academia and industry. However, how to prevent these networks from generating malicious information…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Miao Yu , Shilong Wang , Guibin Zhang , Junyuan Mao , Chenlong Yin , Qijiong Liu , Qingsong Wen , Kun Wang , Yang Wang

As the frequency of cyber threats increases, conventional penetration testing is failing to capture the entirety of todays complex environments. To solve this problem, we propose the Vulnerability Mitigation System (VMS), a novel agent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Farzana Abdulzada

Security analysts are overwhelmed by the volume of alerts and the low context provided by many detection systems. Early-stage investigations typically require manual correlation across multiple log sources, a task that is usually…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Even Eilertsen , Vasileios Mavroeidis , Gudmund Grov

The emergence of agent-to-agent communication protocols mirrors the early internet: powerful connectivity with minimal security infrastructure. When AI agents communicate on behalf of users, every message crosses a trust boundary where the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Sahar Abdelnabi , Amr Gomaa , Eugene Bagdasarian , Per Ola Kristensson , Reza Shokri

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized AI deployment, enabling autonomous and semi-autonomous applications across industries through intuitive language interfaces and continuous improvements in model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Adam Swanda , Amy Chang , Alexander Chen , Fraser Burch , Paul Kassianik , Konstantin Berlin

To address the increasing complexity and frequency of cybersecurity incidents emphasized by the recent cybersecurity threat reports with over 10 billion instances, cyber threat intelligence (CTI) plays a critical role in the modern…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Hangyuan Ji , Jian Yang , Linzheng Chai , Chaoren Wei , Liqun Yang , Yunlong Duan , Yunli Wang , Tianzhen Sun , Hongcheng Guo , Tongliang Li , Changyu Ren , Zhoujun Li

As cyber threats continue to grow in scale and sophistication, blue team defenders increasingly require advanced tools to proactively detect and mitigate risks. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer promising capabilities for enhancing threat…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yuqiao Meng , Luoxi Tang , Feiyang Yu , Xi Li , Guanhua Yan , Ping Yang , Zhaohan Xi

Multi-agent systems powered by Large Language Models (LLM-MAS) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in collaborative problem-solving. However, their deployment also introduces new security risks. Existing research on LLM-based agents…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Yizhe Xie , Congcong Zhu , Xinyue Zhang , Tianqing Zhu , Dayong Ye , Minghao Wang , Chi Liu

Hit identification is a central challenge in early drug discovery, traditionally requiring substantial experimental resources. Recent advances in artificial intelligence, particularly large language models (LLMs), have enabled virtual…

The Model Context Protocol (MCP), introduced by Anthropic in November 2024 and now governed by the Linux Foundation's Agentic AI Foundation, has rapidly become the de facto standard for connecting large language model (LLM)-based agents to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Nirajan Acharya , Gaurav Kumar Gupta

Large Language Model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems (MAS) have emerged as a promising paradigm for solving complex tasks. However, existing works often rely on manual designs or "one-size-fits-all" automation, lacking dynamic adaptability…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Guangyi Liu , Haojun Lin , Huan Zeng , Heng Wang , Quanming Yao

Building scalable and reusable multi-agent decision policies from offline datasets remains a challenge in offline multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), as existing methods often rely on fixed observation formats and action spaces that…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zhuohui Zhang , Bin Cheng , Bin He

Tool-augmented Large Language Model (LLM) agents have demonstrated impressive capabilities in automating complex, multi-step real-world tasks, yet remain vulnerable to indirect prompt injection. Adversaries exploit this weakness by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Wei Zhao , Zhe Li , Peixin Zhang , Jun Sun

To address the limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding task, where they often produce inaccurate and incomplete prediction results due to the high-dimensional and skewed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Rumeng Li , Xun Wang , Hong Yu

Financial systems run nonstop and must stay reliable even during cyber incidents. Modern attacks move across many services (apps, APIs, identity, payment rails), so defenders must make a sequence of actions under time pressure. Most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Srikumar Nayak