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Recently in robotics, Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a transformative approach, enabling robots to execute complex tasks by integrating visual and linguistic inputs within an end-to-end learning framework. Despite their…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models hold great promise for general-purpose robotic intelligence, yet scaling up such models is severely bottlenecked by the high cost of acquiring annotated training data. Fortunately, vision-equipped robots…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yuhao Zhou , Yunpeng Zhu , Yang Zhou , Jindi Lyu , Jian Lan , Zhangyuan Wang , Dan Si , Thomas Seidl , Qing Ye , Jiancheng Lyu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising approach for enabling robots to follow language instructions and predict corresponding actions. However, current VLA models mainly rely on 2D visual inputs, neglecting the rich…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Lin Sun , Bin Xie , Yingfei Liu , Hao Shi , Tiancai Wang , Jiale Cao

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models pre-trained on large, diverse datasets show remarkable potential for general-purpose robotic manipulation. However, a primary bottleneck remains in adapting these models to downstream tasks, especially…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Yang Zhang , Chenwei Wang , Ouyang Lu , Yuan Zhao , Yunfei Ge , Zhenglong Sun , Xiu Li , Chi Zhang , Chenjia Bai , Xuelong Li

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in visuomotor control, yet ensuring their robustness in unstructured real-world environments remains a persistent challenge. In this paper, we investigate…

Imitation learning has proven to be highly effective in teaching robots dexterous manipulation skills. However, it typically relies on large amounts of human demonstration data, which limits its scalability and applicability in dynamic,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Minjie Zhu , Yichen Zhu , Jinming Li , Zhongyi Zhou , Junjie Wen , Xiaoyu Liu , Chaomin Shen , Yaxin Peng , Feifei Feng

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models integrate visual perception, language understanding, and action decision-making for cross-modal semantic alignment, exhibiting broad application potential. However, the joint processing of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Chuhang Liu , Yayun He , Zuheng Kang , Xiaoyang Qu , Jianzong Wang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models typically map visual observations and linguistic instructions directly to control signals. This "black-box" mapping forces a single forward pass to simultaneously handle instruction interpretation,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zixuan Wang , Yuxin Chen , Yuqi Liu , Jinhui Ye , Pengguang Chen , Changsheng Lu , Shu Liu , Bei Yu , Jiaya Jia

Recently, Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated strong performance on a range of robotic tasks. These models rely on multimodal inputs, with language instructions playing a crucial role -- not only in predicting actions, but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Wen-Han Hsieh , Elvis Hsieh , Dantong Niu , Trevor Darrell , Roei Herzig , David M. Chan

A generalist robot should perform effectively across various environments. However, most existing approaches heavily rely on scaling action-annotated data to enhance their capabilities. Consequently, they are often limited to single…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Qingwen Bu , Yanting Yang , Jisong Cai , Shenyuan Gao , Guanghui Ren , Maoqing Yao , Ping Luo , Hongyang Li

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are a promising path toward embodied intelligence, yet they often overlook the predictive and temporal-causal structure underlying visual dynamics. World-model VLAs address this by predicting future…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Fuxiang Yang , Donglin Di , Lulu Tang , Xuancheng Zhang , Lei Fan , Hao Li , Chen Wei , Tonghua Su , Baorui Ma

Vision-language-action (VLA) models demonstrate strong generalization in robotic manipulation but face challenges in complex, real-world tasks. While supervised fine-tuning with demonstrations is constrained by data quality, reinforcement…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Piaopiao Jin , Qi Wang , Guokang Sun , Ziwen Cai , Pinjia He , Yangwei You

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown promising capabilities for embodied intelligence, but most existing approaches rely on text-based chain-of-thought reasoning where visual inputs are treated as static context. This limits the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Chaoyang Wang , Wenrui Bao , Sicheng Gao , Bingxin Xu , Yu Tian , Yogesh S. Rawat , Yunhao Ge , Yuzhang Shang

Vision-language-action (VLA) models provide a promising paradigm for scalable robotic manipulation, yet their reliance on success-only behavioral cloning leaves them brittle; lacking corrective training signals, minor execution errors…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models pretrained on large-scale multimodal datasets have emerged as powerful foundations for robotic perception and control. However, their massive scale, often billions of parameters, poses significant…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Yifan Ye , Jiaqi Ma , Jun Cen , Zhihe Lu

Vision Language Action (VLA) models represent a transformative shift in robotics, with the aim of unifying visual perception, natural language understanding, and embodied control within a single learning framework. This review presents a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Muhayy Ud Din , Waseem Akram , Lyes Saad Saoud , Jan Rosell , Irfan Hussain

Due to their ability of follow natural language instructions, vision-language-action (VLA) models are increasingly prevalent in the embodied AI arena, following the widespread success of their precursors -- LLMs and VLMs. In this paper, we…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown a strong capability in enabling robots to execute general instructions, yet they struggle with contact-rich manipulation tasks, where success requires precise alignment, stable contact…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Yike Zhang , Yaonan Wang , Xinxin Sun , Kaizhen Huang , Zhiyuan Xu , Junjie Ji , Zhengping Che , Jian Tang , Jingtao Sun

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising framework for enabling generalist robots capable of perceiving, reasoning, and acting in the real world. These models usually build upon pretrained Vision-Language Models…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Tao Lin , Gen Li , Yilei Zhong , Yanwen Zou , Yuxin Du , Jiting Liu , Encheng Gu , Bo Zhao

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have advanced the field of embodied manipulation by harnessing broad world knowledge and strong generalization. However, current VLA models still face several key challenges, including limited reasoning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Wenhao Li , Xiu Su , Dan Niu , Yichao Cao , Hongyan Xu , Zhe Qu , Lei Fan , Shan You , Chang Xu