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Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) aim to determine whether a specific data point was included in the training set of a target model. Although there are have been numerous methods developed for detecting data contamination in large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Anton Emelyanov , Sergei Kudriashov , Alena Fenogenova

Adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to specific tasks introduces concerns about computational efficiency, prompting an exploration of efficient methods such as In-Context Learning (ICL). However, the vulnerability of ICL to privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Rui Wen , Zheng Li , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

In a membership inference attack (MIA), an attacker exploits the overconfidence exhibited by typical machine learning models to determine whether a specific data point was used to train a target model. In this paper, we analyze the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Meiyi Zhu , Caili Guo , Chunyan Feng , Osvaldo Simeone

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) aim to determine whether a sample was part of a model's training set, posing serious privacy risks for modern machine-learning systems. Existing MIAs primarily rely on static indicators, such as loss or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Amit Kravchik Taub , Fred M. Grabovski , Guy Amit , Yisroel Mirsky

As the scale of training corpora for large language models (LLMs) grows, model developers become increasingly reluctant to disclose details on their data. This lack of transparency poses challenges to scientific evaluation and ethical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Weichao Zhang , Ruqing Zhang , Jiafeng Guo , Maarten de Rijke , Yixing Fan , Xueqi Cheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse natural language processing tasks, but their tendency to memorize training data poses significant privacy risks, particularly during fine-tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Badrinath Ramakrishnan , Akshaya Balaji

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results in natural language processing but are prone to memorizing portions of their training data, which can compromise evaluation metrics, raise privacy concerns, and limit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Eduardo Slonski

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) aim to identify specific data samples within the private training dataset of machine learning models, leading to serious privacy violations and other sophisticated threats. Many practical black-box MIAs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Jihye Choi , Shruti Tople , Varun Chandrasekaran , Somesh Jha

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown greatly enhanced performance in recent years, attributed to increased size and extensive training data. This advancement has led to widespread interest and adoption across industries and the public.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Victoria Smith , Ali Shahin Shamsabadi , Carolyn Ashurst , Adrian Weller

Pretrained Language Models (LMs) memorize a vast amount of knowledge during initial pretraining, including information that may violate the privacy of personal lives and identities. Previous work addressing privacy issues for language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Joel Jang , Dongkeun Yoon , Sohee Yang , Sungmin Cha , Moontae Lee , Lajanugen Logeswaran , Minjoon Seo

Previous studies have developed fairness methods for biased models that exhibit discriminatory behaviors towards specific subgroups. While these models have shown promise in achieving fair predictions, recent research has identified their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Huan Tian , Guangsheng Zhang , Bo Liu , Tianqing Zhu , Ming Ding , Wanlei Zhou

The data used to train deep neural network (DNN) models in applications such as healthcare and finance typically contain sensitive information. A DNN model may suffer from overfitting. Overfitted models have been shown to be susceptible to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Arezoo Rajabi , Dinuka Sahabandu , Luyao Niu , Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Radha Poovendran

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly integral to diverse applications, their capabilities raise significant privacy concerns. This survey offers a comprehensive overview of privacy risks associated with LLMs and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Kang Chen , Xiuze Zhou , Yuanguo Lin , Shibo Feng , Li Shen , Pengcheng Wu

This study investigates the mechanisms and factors influencing memorization in fine-tuned large language models (LLMs), with a focus on the medical domain due to its privacy-sensitive nature. We examine how different aspects of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Danil Savine

Membership Inference Attack (MIA) determines the presence of a record in a machine learning model's training data by querying the model. Prior work has shown that the attack is feasible when the model is overfitted to its training data or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-15 Yunhui Long , Vincent Bindschaedler , Lei Wang , Diyue Bu , Xiaofeng Wang , Haixu Tang , Carl A. Gunter , Kai Chen

Large language models (LLMs) can leak sensitive training data through memorization and membership inference attacks. Prior work has primarily focused on strong adversarial assumptions, including attacker access to entire samples or long,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Lucas Rosenblatt , Bin Han , Robert Wolfe , Bill Howe

The rise of generative image models leads to privacy concerns when it comes to the huge datasets used to train such models. This paper investigates the possibility of inferring if a set of face images was used for fine-tuning a Latent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Lauritz Christian Holme , Anton Mosquera Storgaard , Siavash Arjomand Bigdeli

Memorization, or the tendency of large language models (LLMs) to output entire sequences from their training data verbatim, is a key concern for safely deploying language models. In particular, it is vital to minimize a model's memorization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Stella Biderman , USVSN Sai Prashanth , Lintang Sutawika , Hailey Schoelkopf , Quentin Anthony , Shivanshu Purohit , Edward Raff

Membership inference attacks (MIA) can reveal whether a particular data point was part of the training dataset, potentially exposing sensitive information about individuals. This article provides theoretical guarantees by exploring the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-08 Eric Aubinais , Elisabeth Gassiat , Pablo Piantanida

The membership inference attack (MIA) is a popular paradigm for compromising the privacy of a machine learning (ML) model. MIA exploits the natural inclination of ML models to overfit upon the training data. MIAs are trained to distinguish…