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Related papers: Towards Nepali-language LLMs: Efficient GPT traini…

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Traditional greedy tokenization methods have been a critical step in Natural Language Processing (NLP), influencing how text is converted into tokens and directly impacting model performance. While subword tokenizers like Byte-Pair Encoding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Bharath Raj , Garvit Suri , Vikrant Dewangan , Raghav Sonavane

Existing Machine Translation (MT) research often suggests a single, fixed set of hyperparameters for word segmentation models, symmetric Byte Pair Encoding (BPE), which applies the same number of merge operations (NMO) to train tokenizers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Saumitra Yadav , Manish Shrivastava

This paper presents the first end-to-end pipeline for Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) for Old Nepali, a historically significant but low-resource language. We adopt a line-level transcription approach and systematically explore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Anjali Sarawgi , Esteban Garces Arias , Christof Zotter

Tokenization is a foundational step in natural language processing (NLP) tasks, bridging raw text and language models. Existing tokenization approaches like Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE) originate from the field of data compression, and it has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Craig W. Schmidt , Varshini Reddy , Haoran Zhang , Alec Alameddine , Omri Uzan , Yuval Pinter , Chris Tanner

Tokenization is the first -- and often least scrutinized -- step of most NLP pipelines. Standard algorithms for learning tokenizers rely on frequency-based objectives, which favor languages dominant in the training data and consequently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Negar Foroutan , Clara Meister , Debjit Paul , Joel Niklaus , Sina Ahmadi , Antoine Bosselut , Rico Sennrich

Named Entity Recognition have been studied for different languages like English, German, Spanish and many others but no study have focused on Nepali language. In this paper we propose a neural based Nepali NER using latest state-of-the-art…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-19 Oyesh Mann Singh , Ankur Padia , Anupam Joshi

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across various natural language processing tasks. However, most LLM models use traditional tokenizers like BPE and SentencePiece, which fail to capture the finer nuances of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Pramit Bhattacharyya , Arnab Bhattacharya

This work addresses the persistent challenges of substantial training time and GPU resource requirements even when training lightweight encoder-vocoder models for Textless NLP. We reduce training steps significantly while improving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Krithiga Ramadass , Abrit Pal Singh , Srihari J , Sheetal Kalyani

Many attempts have been made in multilingual NLP to ensure that pre-trained language models, such as mBERT or GPT2 get better and become applicable to low-resource languages. To achieve multilingualism for pre-trained language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Jesse Atuhurra , Hiroyuki Shindo , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe

Bangla, a language spoken by over 300 million native speakers and ranked as the sixth most spoken language worldwide, presents unique challenges in natural language processing (NLP) due to its complex morphological characteristics and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Souvika Sarkar , Md. Najib Hasan , Santu Karmaker

Bangla is a language spoken by approximately 240 million native speakers and around 300 million people worldwide. Despite being the 5th largest spoken language in the world, Bangla is still a "low-resource" language, and existing pretrained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Abdullah Khan Zehady , Shubhashis Roy Dipta , Naymul Islam , Safi Al Mamun , Santu Karmaker

Transformer-based models such as BERT have significantly advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) across many languages. However, Nepali, a low-resource language written in Devanagari script, remains relatively underexplored. This study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Nischal Karki , Bipesh Subedi , Prakash Poudyal , Rupak Raj Ghimire , Bal Krishna Bal

Tokenization is a crucial step in NLP, especially with the rise of large language models (LLMs), impacting downstream performance, computational cost, and efficiency. Existing LLMs rely on the classical Byte-pair Encoding (BPE) algorithm…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Maharaj Brahma , N J Karthika , Atul Singh , Devaraj Adiga , Smruti Bhate , Ganesh Ramakrishnan , Rohit Saluja , Maunendra Sankar Desarkar

This paper presents a high-quality dataset for evaluating the quality of Bangla word embeddings, which is a fundamental task in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). Despite being the 7th most-spoken language in the world, Bangla…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Mousumi Akter , Souvika Sarkar , Shubhra Kanti Karmaker Santu

BNLP is an open source language processing toolkit for Bengali language consisting with tokenization, word embedding, POS tagging, NER tagging facilities. BNLP provides pre-trained model with high accuracy to do model based tokenization,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Sagor Sarker

Video captioning in Nepali, a language written in the Devanagari script, presents a unique challenge due to the lack of existing academic work in this domain. This work develops a novel encoder-decoder paradigm for Nepali video captioning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Kabita Parajuli , Shashidhar Ram Joshi

Subword tokenization methods, such as Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE), significantly impact the performance and efficiency of large language models (LLMs). The standard approach involves training a general-purpose tokenizer that uniformly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Vijini Liyanage , François Yvon

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), has significantly advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, such as Named Entity Recognition (NER), which involves identifying entities like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Sameer Neupane , Jeevan Chapagain , Nobal B. Niraula , Diwa Koirala

This article presents a study on Nepali video captioning using deep neural networks. Through the integration of pre-trained CNNs and RNNs, the research focuses on generating precise and contextually relevant captions for Nepali videos. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Bipesh Subedi , Saugat Singh , Bal Krishna Bal

Large Language Models (LLMs) are gaining popularity and improving rapidly. Tokenizers are crucial components of natural language processing, especially for LLMs. Tokenizers break down input text into tokens that models can easily process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Tandin Wangchuk , Tad Gonsalves