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We argue that object detectors in the safety critical domain should prioritize detection of objects that are most likely to interfere with the actions of the autonomous actor. Especially, this applies to objects that can impact the actor's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Andrea Ceccarelli , Leonardo Montecchi

Sensor visibility is crucial for safety-critical applications in automotive, robotics, smart infrastructure and others: In addition to object detection and occupancy mapping, visibility describes where a sensor can potentially measure or is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Joachim Börger , Marc Patrick Zapf , Marat Kopytjuk , Xinrun Li 2 , Claudius Gläser

Autonomous driving is regarded as one of the most promising remedies to shield human beings from severe crashes. To this end, 3D object detection serves as the core basis of perception stack especially for the sake of path planning, motion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Rui Qian , Xin Lai , Xirong Li

Perception is one of the crucial module of the autonomous driving system, which has made great progress recently. However, limited ability of individual vehicles results in the bottleneck of improvement of the perception performance. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Shunli Ren , Siheng Chen , Wenjun Zhang

Perception serves as a critical component in the functionality of autonomous agents. However, the intricate relationship between perception metrics and robotic metrics remains unclear, leading to ambiguity in the development and fine-tuning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Xiaotong Zhang , Jinger Chong , Kamal Youcef-Toumi

Sensing and Perception (S&P) is a crucial component of an autonomous system (such as a robot), especially when deployed in highly dynamic environments where it is required to react to unexpected situations. This is particularly true in case…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-06 Andrea Piazzoni , Jim Cherian , Martin Slavik , Justin Dauwels

To enable safe autonomous vehicle (AV) operations, it is critical that an AV's obstacle detection module can reliably detect obstacles that pose a safety threat (i.e., are safety-critical). It is therefore desirable that the evaluation…

Future autonomous systems promise significant societal benefits, yet their deployment raises concerns about safety and trustworthiness. A key concern is assuring the reliability of robot perception, as perception seeds safe decision-making.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Troi Williams

One of the main paths towards the reduction of traffic accidents is the increase in vehicle safety through driver assistance systems or even systems with a complete level of autonomy. In these types of systems, tasks such as obstacle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Felipe Manfio Barbosa , Fernando Santos Osório

Environment perception is the task for intelligent vehicles on which all subsequent steps rely. A key part of perception is to safely detect other road users such as vehicles, pedestrians, and cyclists. With modern deep learning techniques…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Florian Kraus , Klaus Dietmayer

Having efficient testing strategies is a core challenge that needs to be overcome for the release of automated driving. This necessitates clear requirements as well as suitable methods for testing. In this work, the requirements for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Ken Mori , Kai Storms , Steven Peters

In this work, we consider the safety-oriented performance of 3D object detectors in autonomous driving contexts. Specifically, despite impressive results shown by the mass literature, developers often find it hard to ensure the safe…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Brian Hsuan-Cheng Liao , Chih-Hong Cheng , Hasan Esen , Alois Knoll

Autonomous Systems (AS) are increasingly proposed, or used, in Safety Critical (SC) applications. Many such systems make use of sophisticated sensor suites and processing to provide scene understanding which informs the AS' decision-making.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-19 John Molloy , John McDermid

Variants of accuracy and precision are the gold-standard by which the computer vision community measures progress of perception algorithms. One reason for the ubiquity of these metrics is that they are largely task-agnostic; we in general…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Jonah Philion , Amlan Kar , Sanja Fidler

Pedestrians' safety is a crucial factor in assessing autonomous driving scenarios. However, pedestrian safety evaluation is rarely considered by existing autonomous driving simulation platforms. This paper proposes a pedestrian safety…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Lin Ma , Longrui Chen , Yan Zhang , Mengdi Chu , Wenjie Jiang , Jiahao Shen , Chuxuan Li , Yifeng Shi , Nairui Luo , Jirui Yuan , Guyue Zhou , Jiangtao Gong

Perception plays a central role in connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs), underpinning not only conventional modular driving stacks, but also cooperative perception systems and recent end-to-end driving models. While deep learning has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Brian Hsuan-Cheng Liao , Chih-Hong Cheng , Hasan Esen , Alois Knoll

Perception and prediction modules are critical components of autonomous driving systems, enabling vehicles to navigate safely through complex environments. The perception module is responsible for perceiving the environment, including…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Lucas Dal'Col , Miguel Oliveira , Vítor Santos

Despite the continual advances in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and the development of high-level autonomous vehicles (AV), there is a general consensus that for the short to medium term, there is a requirement for a human…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Santiago Gerling Konrad , Julie Stephany Berrio , Mao Shan , Favio Masson , Stewart Worrall

Object detection in autonomous driving consists in perceiving and locating instances of objects in multi-dimensional data, such as images or lidar scans. Very recently, multiple works are proposing to evaluate object detectors by measuring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Andrea Ceccarelli , Leonardo Montecchi

Autonomous driving vehicles provide a vast potential for realizing use cases in the on-road and off-road domains. Consequently, remarkable solutions exist to autonomous systems' environmental perception and control. Nevertheless, proof of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Patrick Wolf