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Crafting adversarial examples can be formulated as an optimization problem. While sign-based optimizers such as I-FGSM and MI-FGSM have become the de facto standard for the induced optimization problems, there still exist several unsolved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Wei Tao , Yang Dai , Jincai Huang , Qing Tao

We propose AEGD, a new algorithm for first-order gradient-based optimization of non-convex objective functions, based on a dynamically updated energy variable. The method is shown to be unconditionally energy stable, irrespective of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-04 Hailiang Liu , Xuping Tian

Federated learning is a popular distributed and privacy-preserving learning paradigm in machine learning. Recently, some federated learning algorithms have been proposed to solve the distributed minimax problems. However, these federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Feihu Huang , Xinrui Wang , Junyi Li , Songcan Chen

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is an inherently sequential training algorithm--computing the gradient at batch $i$ depends on the model parameters learned from batch $i-1$. Prior approaches that break this dependence do not honor them…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-05 Saeed Maleki , Madan Musuvathi , Todd Mytkowicz , Olli Saarikivi , Tianju Xu , Vadim Eksarevskiy , Jaliya Ekanayake , Emad Barsoum

The recently proposed Muon optimizer updates weight matrices via orthogonalized momentum and has demonstrated strong empirical success in large language model training. However, it remains unclear how to determine the learning rates for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Minxin Zhang , Yuxuan Liu , Hayden Schaeffer

Many modern computer vision and machine learning applications rely on solving difficult optimization problems that involve non-differentiable objective functions and constraints. The alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-04-11 Zheng Xu , Mario A. T. Figueiredo , Xiaoming Yuan , Christoph Studer , Tom Goldstein

In this work, we propose a (linearized) Alternating Direction Method-of-Multipliers (ADMM) algorithm for minimizing a convex function subject to a nonconvex constraint. We focus on the special case where such constraint arises from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Fabian Latorre Gómez , Armin Eftekhari , Volkan Cevher

This paper considers a convex optimization problem with cost and constraints that evolve over time. The function to be minimized is strongly convex and possibly non-differentiable, and variables are coupled through linear constraints. In…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-13 Yijian Zhang , Emiliano Dall'Anese , Mingyi Hong

This paper studies a class of adaptive gradient based momentum algorithms that update the search directions and learning rates simultaneously using past gradients. This class, which we refer to as the "Adam-type", includes the popular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Xiangyi Chen , Sijia Liu , Ruoyu Sun , Mingyi Hong

We implement the adaptive step size scheme from the optimization methods AdaGrad and Adam in a novel variant of the Proximal Gradient Method (PGM). Our algorithm, dubbed AdaProx, avoids the need for explicit computation of the Lipschitz…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-06 Peter Melchior , Rémy Joseph , Fred Moolekamp

Adversarial attacks, particularly the Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM) and Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) pose significant threats to the robustness of deep learning models in image classification. This paper explores and refines defense…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Hetvi Waghela , Jaydip Sen , Sneha Rakshit

Adversarial training, especially projected gradient descent (PGD), has proven to be a successful approach for improving robustness against adversarial attacks. After adversarial training, gradients of models with respect to their inputs…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-04-21 Ricardo Bigolin Lanfredi , Joyce D. Schroeder , Tolga Tasdizen

State-of-the-art deep neural networks are sensitive to small input perturbations. Since the discovery of this intriguing vulnerability, many defence methods have been proposed that attempt to improve robustness to adversarial noise. Fast…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Alexander Matyasko , Lap-Pui Chau

Deep learning models are known to be vulnerable to adversarial examples crafted by adding human-imperceptible perturbations on benign images. Many existing adversarial attack methods have achieved great white-box attack performance, but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Xiaosen Wang , Jiadong Lin , Han Hu , Jingdong Wang , Kun He

The vast majority of modern deep learning models are trained with momentum-based first-order optimizers. The momentum term governs the optimizer's memory by determining how much each past gradient contributes to the current convergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Kristi Topollai , Anna Choromanska

Dynamic neural networks can greatly reduce computation redundancy without compromising accuracy by adapting their structures based on the input. In this paper, we explore the robustness of dynamic neural networks against energy-oriented…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Jianhong Pan , Lin Geng Foo , Qichen Zheng , Zhipeng Fan , Hossein Rahmani , Qiuhong Ke , Jun Liu

Gradient descent (GD) based optimization methods are these days the standard tools to train deep neural networks in artificial intelligence systems. In optimization procedures in deep learning the employed optimizer is often not the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-24 Steffen Dereich , Robin Graeber , Arnulf Jentzen , Adrian Riekert

Adaptive gradient methods, such as AdaGrad, are among the most successful optimization algorithms for neural network training. While these methods are known to achieve better dimensional dependence than stochastic gradient descent (SGD) for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-09 Ruichen Jiang , Devyani Maladkar , Aryan Mokhtari

Minimax problems of the form $\min_x \max_y \Psi(x,y)$ have attracted increased interest largely due to advances in machine learning, in particular generative adversarial networks. These are typically trained using variants of stochastic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-04-14 Radu Ioan Boţ , Axel Böhm

In this paper, the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is investigated for distributed optimization problems in a networked multi-agent system. In particular, a new adaptive-gain ADMM algorithm is derived in a closed form and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-26 Towfiq Rahman , Zhihua Qu , Toru Namerikawa