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Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) struggle with puzzles, which require precise perception, rule comprehension, and logical reasoning. Assessing and enhancing their performance in this domain is crucial, as it reflects their ability to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Yufan Ren , Konstantinos Tertikas , Shalini Maiti , Junlin Han , Tong Zhang , Sabine Süsstrunk , Filippos Kokkinos

In the evolving landscape of multimodal language models, understanding the nuanced meanings conveyed through visual cues - such as satire, insult, or critique - remains a significant challenge. Existing evaluation benchmarks primarily focus…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Xiaofei Yin , Yijie Hong , Ya Guo , Yi Tu , Weiqiang Wang , Gongshen Liu , Huijia zhu

As large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance on traditional benchmarks, there is an urgent need for more challenging evaluation frameworks that probe deeper aspects of semantic understanding. We introduce SAGE (Semantic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Samarth Goel , Reagan J. Lee , Kannan Ramchandran

Unified Multimodal Large Language Models (U-MLLMs) integrate understanding and generation within a single architecture. However, existing evaluations typically assess these capabilities separately, overlooking semantic equivalence, i.e.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Hongbo Jiang , Jie Li , Yunhang Shen , Pingyang Dai , Xing Sun , Haoyu Cao , Liujuan Cao

Open-vocabulary 3D scene understanding presents a significant challenge in computer vision, with wide-ranging applications in embodied agents and augmented reality systems. Existing methods adopt neurel rendering methods as 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Jun Guo , Xiaojian Ma , Yue Fan , Huaping Liu , Qing Li

LLMs' overconfidence, particularly when hallucinating, poses a significant challenge for the deployment of the models in safety-critical settings and makes a reliable estimation of uncertainty necessary. Existing approaches for uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Hamed Karimi , Vaishali Meyappan , Reza Samavi

Large language models (LLMs) specializing in natural language generation (NLG) have recently started exhibiting promising capabilities across a variety of domains. However, gauging the trustworthiness of responses generated by LLMs remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Zhen Lin , Shubhendu Trivedi , Jimeng Sun

Mapping with uncertainty representation is required in many research domains, especially for localization. Although there are many investigations regarding the uncertainty of the pose estimation of an ego-robot with map information, the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Qianqian Zou , Claus Brenner , Monika Sester

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have shown remarkable abilities in producing human-like text. However, it is unclear how accurately these models internalize concepts that shape human thought and behavior. Here, we developed a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Hiro Taiyo Hamada , Ippei Fujisawa , Genji Kawakita , Yuki Yamada

The integration of visual inputs with large language models (LLMs) has led to remarkable advancements in multi-modal capabilities, giving rise to visual large language models (VLLMs). However, effectively harnessing VLLMs for intricate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Renjie Pi , Lewei Yao , Jiahui Gao , Jipeng Zhang , Tong Zhang

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for factual question-answering, it becomes more important for LLMs to have the capability to communicate the likelihood that their answer is correct. For these verbalized expressions of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Sophia Hager , David Mueller , Kevin Duh , Nicholas Andrews

Reliable uncertainty measures are required when using data based machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) for atomistic simulations. In this work, we propose for sparse Gaussian Process Regression type MLIP a stochastic uncertainty…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-12-31 Mads-Peter Verner Christiansen , Nikolaj Rønne , Bjørk Hammer

Existing Large Language Model (LLM) approaches to SystemVerilog Assertion (SVA) generation primarily focus on syntactic validity and formal verification outcomes, while semantic alignment between generated assertions and natural language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jaime Rafael Imperial , Hao Zheng

Large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT have shown significant advancements across diverse natural language understanding (NLU) tasks, including intelligent dialogue and autonomous agents. Yet, lacking widely acknowledged testing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Jinyang Wu , Feihu Che , Xinxin Zheng , Shuai Zhang , Ruihan Jin , Shuai Nie , Pengpeng Shao , Jianhua Tao

One of the most common solutions adopted by software researchers to address code generation is by training Large Language Models (LLMs) on massive amounts of source code. Although a number of studies have shown that LLMs have been…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Daniel Rodriguez-Cardenas , David N. Palacio , Dipin Khati , Henry Burke , Denys Poshyvanyk

Recent trends in Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) research have been increasingly focusing on advancing beyond general image understanding towards more nuanced, object-level referential comprehension. In this paper, we present and delve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Tongtian Yue , Jie Cheng , Longteng Guo , Xingyuan Dai , Zijia Zhao , Xingjian He , Gang Xiong , Yisheng Lv , Jing Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong capabilities, enabling concise, context-aware answers in question answering (QA) tasks. The lack of transparency in complex LLMs has inspired extensive research aimed at developing methods to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yangyi Li , Mengdi Huai

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in generating programs from natural language descriptions, yet ensuring their correctness without an external oracle remains a critical challenge. To solve the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yunxiang Wei , Tianlin Li , Yuwei Zheng , Yanni Dong , Aishan Liu , Qiang Hu , Xiaoyu Zhang , Mingfei Cheng , Jian Yang

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into high-stakes decision-making, the ability to reliably quantify uncertainty has become a critical requirement for safety and trust. However, current uncertainty quantification…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Seongjun Lee , Suwan Yoon , Changhee Lee

The evaluation of large language models (LLMs) relies heavily on standardized benchmarks. These benchmarks provide useful aggregated metrics for a given capability, but those aggregated metrics can obscure (i) particular sub-areas where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Matyas Bohacek , Nino Scherrer , Nicholas Dufour , Thomas Leung , Christoph Bregler , Stephanie C. Y. Chan
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