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The introduction of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) has led to the formulation of Microgrids (MGs) and Networks of MGs (NMGs). MGs and NMGs can operate in islanded mode, transforming the grid into a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-17 Ahmed Saad Al-Karsani , Maryam Khanbaghi

The integration of heavy-duty electric vehicles (EVs) with Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) capability can enhance primary frequency response and improve stability in power systems with high renewable penetration. This study evaluates the technical…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-18 Xiaojie Tao , Yaoyu Fan , Zhaoyi Ye , Rajit Gadh

Widespread utilization of renewable energy sources (RESs) in subtransmission systems causes serious problems on power quality, such as voltage violations, leading to significant curtailment of renewables. This is due to the inherent…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-02 Tianlun Chen , Albert Y. S. Lam , Yue Song , David J. Hill

Hybrid AC/DC microgrids with distributed energy storage (DS) improve power reliability in remote areas. Existing power management methods either focus on steady-state power sharing or transient inertia support, but rarely combine both. They…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-06 Qingzuo Meng , Pengfeng Lin , Yujie Wang , Miao Zhu , Amer M. Ghias , Syed Islam , Frede Blaabjerg

The need for Enhanced Frequency Response (EFR) is expected to increase significantly in future low-carbon Great Britain (GB) power system. One way to provide EFR is to use power electronic compensators (PECs) for point-of-load voltage…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-20 Jinrui Guo , Luis Badesa , Fei Teng , Balarko Chaudhuri , Shu Yuen Ron Hui , Goran Strbac

Emerging connect-and-manage practices allow new transmission-connected mega-loads to connect while enforcing time-varying admissible power exchange limits at the point of common coupling (PCC) in real time. Hyperscale artificial…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-15 Xin Lu , Jing Qiu , Jiafeng Lin , Sihai An , Mingyang Sun , Junhua Zhao

A major concern associated to the massive connection of distributed energy resources is the increasing share of power electronic interfaces resulting in the global inertia reduction of power systems. The recent literature advocated the use…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-21 Yihui Zuo , Mario Paolone , Fabrizio. Sossan

The quality of control (QoC) of a resource-constrained embedded control system may be jeopardized in dynamic environments with variable workload. This gives rise to the increasing demand of co-design of control and scheduling. To deal with…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2008-12-18 Feng Xia , Youxian Sun , Yu-Chu Tian , Moses Tade , Jinxiang Dong

Enabling continued data-center growth under increasing grid stress motivates closer coordination between flexible computing demand and co-located battery energy storage systems (BESS) to improve site operations and provide grid services.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-18 Shaohui Liu , Sungho Shin , Deepjyoti Deka

As hyperscale and co-located data centers scale, the electric grid sees an increase in large, voltage-sensitive IT loads with these data center plant size ranging between 500 MW to 2 GW. A sudden loss of these loads as they switch to onsite…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-25 Soham Ghosh , Mohammad Ashraf Hossain Sadi

Due to various green initiatives, renewable energy will be massively incorporated into the future smart grid. However, the intermittency of the renewables may result in power imbalance, thus adversely affecting the stability of a power…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-10-06 Albert Y. S. Lam , Ka-Cheong Leung , Victor O. K. Li

This paper proposes and experimentally validates a two-stage scheduling and control strategy for a behind-the-meter battery energy storage system (BESS) delivering both local and grid services. Considered services are the maximization of PV…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Nour-eddine Id omar , Alexandre Lê-Agopyan , Fabrizio Sossan

This paper proposes a novel set of power constraints for Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs), referred to as Dynamic Power Constraints (DPCs), that account for the voltage and current limits of the BESS as a function of its State of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-26 Stefano Cassano , Fabrizio Sossan

Data centers (DCs) are increasingly recognized as flexible loads that can support grid frequency regulation. Yet, most existing methods treat workload scheduling and regulation capacity bidding separately, overlooking how queueing dynamics…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-03 Yingrui Fan , Junbo Zhao

Renewable energy resources and power electronics-interfaced loads introduce fast dynamics in distribution networks. These dynamics cannot be regulated by slow conventional solutions and require fast controllable energy resources such as…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-11 H. Sekhavatmaneshand , S. Mastellone

This paper proposes a novel control for Inverter-based Resources (IBRs) based on the Complex Frequency (CF) concept. The controller's objective is to maintain a constant CF of the voltage at the terminals of the IBR by adjusting its current…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-06 R. Bernal , F. Milano

The electric grid is undergoing a major transition from fossil fuel-based power generation to renewable energy sources, typically interfaced to the grid via power electronics. The future power systems are thus expected to face increased…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-13 Ognjen Stanojev , Ognjen Kundacina , Uros Markovic , Evangelos Vrettos , Petros Aristidou , Gabriela Hug

The rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) introduces major challenges for decentralized charging control. Existing decentralized approaches efficiently coordinate a large number of EVs to select charging stations while reducing energy…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Chuhao Qin , Alexandru Sorici , Andrei Olaru , Evangelos Pournaras , Adina Magda Florea

The paper discusses fast frequency control in bulk power systems using embedded networks of grid-forming energy storage resources. Differing from their traditional roles of regulating reserves, the storage resources in this work operate as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-22 Kaustav Chatterjee , Ramij Raja Hossain , Sai Pushpak Nandanoori , Soumya Kundu , Diane Baldwin , Ronald Melton

To address the variability of renewable generation, initiatives have been launched globally to provide faster and more effective frequency responses. In the UK, the National Energy System Operator (NESO) has introduced a suite of three new…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-27 Yiqiao Xu , Quan Wan , Alessandra Parisio