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Autoregressive (AR) Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant success across numerous tasks. However, the AR modeling paradigm presents certain limitations; for instance, contemporary autoregressive LLMs are trained to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Justin Deschenaux , Caglar Gulcehre

In this report, we explore the potential for text diffusion to replace autoregressive (AR) decoding for the training and deployment of large language models (LLMs). We are particularly interested to see whether pretrained AR models can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Kehang Han , Kathleen Kenealy , Aditya Barua , Noah Fiedel , Noah Constant

The paradigm of Large Language Models (LLMs) is currently defined by auto-regressive (AR) architectures, which generate text through a sequential ``brick-by-brick'' process. Despite their success, AR models are inherently constrained by a…

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive (AR) generation, yet their reliance on Transformer backbones limits inference efficiency due to quadratic attention or KV-cache overhead. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Vaibhav Singh , Oleksiy Ostapenko , Pierre-André Noël , Eugene Belilovsky , Torsten Scholak

Masked Diffusion Language Models (MDLMs) have recently emerged as a promising alternative to Autoregressive Language Models (ARLMs), leveraging a denoising objective that, in principle, should enable more uniform context utilisation. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Julianna Piskorz , Cristina Pinneri , Alvaro Correia , Motasem Alfarra , Risheek Garrepalli , Christos Louizos

While diffusion models excel at generating high-quality images, prior work reports a significant performance gap between diffusion and autoregressive (AR) methods in language modeling. In this work, we show that simple masked discrete…

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems based on large language models (LLMs) achieve superior performance by leveraging pretrained LLMs as decoders, but their token-by-token generation mechanism leads to inference latency that grows…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Wenjie Tian , Bingshen Mu , Guobin Ma , Xuelong Geng , Zhixian Zhao , Lei Xie

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved Natural Language to SQL (NL2SQL) tasks, yet most NL2SQL systems continue to rely on the autoregressive (AR) paradigm. The highly structured nature of SQL makes…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Peixian Ma , Xialie Zhuang , Jiantao Tan , Changlun Li , Ruirui Chen , Chengwei Qin

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have recently emerged as competitive alternatives to autoregressive (AR) language models, yet differences in their activation dynamics remain poorly understood. We characterize these dynamics in LLaDA-8B and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Alexander Conzelmann , Albert Catalan-Tatjer , Shiwei Liu

Auto-regressive models (ARMs) have established a dominant paradigm in language modeling. However, their strictly sequential decoding paradigm imposes fundamental constraints on both inference efficiency and modeling flexibility. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Yuyan Zhou , Kai Syun Hou , Weiyu Chen , James Kwok

While autoregressive (AR) Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated formidable reasoning capabilities in robotic tasks, their sequential decoding process often incurs high inference latency and may amplify error accumulation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Ruiheng Wang , Shuanghao Bai , Haoran Zhang , Badong Chen , Xiangyu Xu

Current Video Large Language Models (Video LLMs) typically encode frames via a vision encoder and employ an autoregressive (AR) LLM for understanding and generation. However, this AR paradigm inevitably faces a dual efficiency bottleneck:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Zhihao He , Tieyuan Chen , Kangyu Wang , Ziran Qin , Yang Shao , Chaofan Gan , Shijie Li , Zuxuan Wu , Weiyao Lin

Diffusion-based large language models (dLLMs) are gaining attention for their inherent capacity for parallel decoding, offering a compelling alternative to autoregressive LLMs. Among various decoding strategies, block-wise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Guanxi Lu , Hao Mark Chen , Yuto Karashima , Zhican Wang , Daichi Fujiki , Hongxiang Fan

Masked Diffusion Language Models (MDLMs) enable parallel token decoding, providing a promising alternative to the sequential nature of autoregressive generation. However, their iterative denoising process remains computationally expensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Younjoo Lee , Junghoo Lee , Seungkyun Dan , Jaiyoung Park , Jung Ho Ahn

Diffusion Language models (DLMs) are a promising avenue for text generation due to their practical properties on tractable controllable generation. They also have the advantage of not having to predict text autoregressively. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Sofia Maria Lo Cicero Vaina , Nikita Balagansky , Daniil Gavrilov

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) are emerging as a promising alternative to autoregressive models (ARMs) due to their ability to capture bidirectional context and the potential for parallel generation. Despite the advantages, dLLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Zijian Zhu , Fei Ren , Zhanhong Tan , Kaisheng Ma

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to auto-regressive (AR) models, offering greater expressive capacity and potential for parallel generation and faster inference. However, open-source dLLMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Natalia Frumkin , Bokun Wang , Hung-Yueh Chiang , Chi-Chih Chang , Mohamed S. Abdelfattah , Diana Marculescu

Autoregressive language models decode left-to-right with irreversible commitments, limiting revision during multi-step reasoning. We propose \textbf{VDLM}, a modular variable diffusion language model that separates semantic planning from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Shuhui Qu

Despite remarkable progress in autoregressive language models, alternative generative paradigms beyond left-to-right generation are still being actively explored. Discrete diffusion models, with the capacity for parallel generation, have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Minkai Xu , Tomas Geffner , Karsten Kreis , Weili Nie , Yilun Xu , Jure Leskovec , Stefano Ermon , Arash Vahdat

Autoregressive Large Language Models (AR-LLMs) are widely used in software engineering (SE) but face limitations in processing code structure information and suffer from high inference latency. Diffusion LLMs (DLLMs) offer a promising…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jingyao Zhang , Tianlin Li , Xiaoyu Zhang , Qiang Hu , Bin Shi