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Machine learning and Bayesian optimization (BO) algorithms can significantly accelerate the optimization of chemical reactions. Transfer learning can bolster the effectiveness of BO algorithms in low-data regimes by leveraging pre-existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Roshan Patel , Saeed Moayedpour , Louis De Lescure , Lorenzo Kogler-Anele , Alan Cherney , Sven Jager , Yasser Jangjou

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a sequential decision-making tool widely used for optimizing expensive black-box functions. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable adaptability in low-data regimes, making them promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Chih-Yu Chang , Milad Azvar , Chinedum Okwudire , Raed Al Kontar

Bayesian optimization (BO) is widely used to optimize expensive-to-evaluate black-box functions.BO first builds a surrogate model to represent the objective function and assesses its uncertainty. It then decides where to sample by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Jiayu Zhao , Renyu Yang , Shenghao Qiu , Zheng Wang

Bayesian Optimization (BO) is an effective framework for globally optimizing functions whose evaluations are expensive. It is particularly effective for optimizing functions defined over continuous domains and explicitly handles stochastic…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Buqing Ou , Frederike Dümbgen

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a widely used method for data-driven optimization that generally relies on zeroth-order data of objective function to construct probabilistic surrogate models. These surrogates guide the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Georgios Makrygiorgos , Joshua Hang Sai Ip , Ali Mesbah

Efficient design of genomic perturbation experiments is crucial for accelerating drug discovery and therapeutic target identification, yet exhaustive perturbation of the human genome remains infeasible due to the vast search space of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-24 Yanke Li , Tianyu Cui , Tommaso Mansi , Mangal Prakash , Rui Liao

The optimization of expensive black-box functions is ubiquitous in science and engineering. A common solution to this problem is Bayesian optimization (BO), which is generally comprised of two components: (i) a surrogate model and (ii) an…

For Bayesian optimization (BO) on high-dimensional data with complex structure, neural network-based kernels for Gaussian processes (GPs) have been used to learn flexible surrogate functions by the high representation power of deep…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-02 Tomoharu Iwata

The performance of Bayesian optimization (BO), a highly sample-efficient method for expensive black-box problems, is critically governed by the selection of its hyperparameters, including the kernel and acquisition functions. This presents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Joon-Hyun Park , Mujin Cheon , Jeongsu Wi , Dong-Yeun Koh

Bayesian Optimization (BO) has become a core method for solving expensive black-box optimization problems. While much research focussed on the choice of the acquisition function, we focus on online length-scale adaption and the choice of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-12 Kim Peter Wabersich , Marc Toussaint

Bayesian optimization (BO) developed as an approach for the efficient optimization of expensive black-box functions without gradient information. A typical BO paper introduces a new approach and compares it to some alternatives on simulated…

Computation · Statistics 2023-10-17 Jiajie Kong , Tony Pourmohamad , Herbert K. H. Lee

Bayesian optimization (BO) methods choose sample points by optimizing an acquisition function derived from a statistical model of the objective. These acquisition functions are chosen to balance sampling regions with predicted good…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Darian Nwankwo , David Bindel

Efficient optimization of molecules with targeted properties remains a significant challenge due to the vast size and discrete nature of chemical compound space. Conventional machine-learning-based optimization approaches typically require…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-03-04 Yun-Wen Mao , Roman V. Krems

Traditional scientific discovery relies on an iterative hypothesise-experiment-refine cycle that has driven progress for centuries, but its intuitive, ad-hoc implementation often wastes resources, yields inefficient designs, and misses…

Experimental (design) optimization is a key driver in designing and discovering new products and processes. Bayesian Optimization (BO) is an effective tool for optimizing expensive and black-box experimental design processes. While Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Arun Kumar A , Alistair Shilton , Sunil Gupta , Santu Rana , Stewart Greenhill , Svetha Venkatesh

Several fundamental problems in science and engineering consist of global optimization tasks involving unknown high-dimensional (black-box) functions that map a set of controllable variables to the outcomes of an expensive experiment.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Mohamed Aziz Bhouri , Michael Joly , Robert Yu , Soumalya Sarkar , Paris Perdikaris

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) with Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) offers a resource-efficient way to personalize or specialize. However, LoRA is highly sensitive to hyperparameter choices, and exhaustive hyperparameter search is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Baek Seong-Eun , Lee Jung-Mok , Kim Sung-Bin , Tae-Hyun Oh

High-dimensional Bayesian optimization (BO) tasks such as molecular design often require 10,000 function evaluations before obtaining meaningful results. While methods like sparse variational Gaussian processes (SVGPs) reduce computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Natalie Maus , Kyurae Kim , Geoff Pleiss , David Eriksson , John P. Cunningham , Jacob R. Gardner

Molecular property optimization (MPO) problems are inherently challenging since they are formulated over discrete, unstructured spaces and the labeling process involves expensive simulations or experiments, which fundamentally limits the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-01-04 Farshud Sorourifar , Thomas Banker , Joel A. Paulson

Large language models (LLMs) can perform accurate classification with zero or few examples through in-context learning. We extend this capability to regression with uncertainty estimation using frozen LLMs (e.g., GPT-3.5, Gemini), enabling…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-05-16 Mayk Caldas Ramos , Shane S. Michtavy , Marc D. Porosoff , Andrew D. White