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As large language model (LLM)-based agents become increasingly integrated into daily digital interactions, their ability to reason across long interaction histories becomes crucial for providing personalized and contextually aware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Andy Chung , Yichi Zhang , Kaixiang Lin , Aditya Rawal , Qiaozi Gao , Joyce Chai

The limited context window of contemporary large language models (LLMs) remains a primary bottleneck for their broader application across diverse domains. Although continual pre-training on long-context data offers a straightforward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Wei Han , Pan Zhou , Soujanya Poria , Shuicheng Yan

This paper explores the challenges of test-time scaling of large language models (LLMs), regarding both the data and inference efficiency. We highlight the diversity of multi-lingual reasoning based on our pilot studies, and then introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Kang Chen , Mengdi Zhang , Yixin Cao

Emerging Large Language Model (LLM) applications require long input context in order to perform complex tasks like document analysis and code generation. For these long context length applications, the length of the input prompt poses a…

Test-time scaling (TTS) -- the dynamic allocation of compute during inference -- is a promising direction for improving reasoning in large language models (LLMs). However, a systematic comparison of well-known TTS strategies under identical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Aradhye Agarwal , Ayan Sengupta , Tanmoy Chakraborty

As large language models (LLMs) show impressive performance on complex tasks, they still struggle with longer contextual understanding and high computational costs. To balance efficiency and quality, we introduce LLMSteer, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Zhuohan Gu , Jiayi Yao , Kuntai Du , Junchen Jiang

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a cornerstone in real-world applications with lengthy streaming inputs (e.g., LLM-driven agents). However, existing LLMs, pre-trained on sequences with a restricted maximum length, cannot process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Chaojun Xiao , Pengle Zhang , Xu Han , Guangxuan Xiao , Yankai Lin , Zhengyan Zhang , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Inference-time scaling can enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) on complex problems that benefit from step-by-step problem solving. Although lengthening generated scratchpads has proven effective for…

While LLMs excel at reasoning over prompts using static pretrained knowledge, they struggle significantly with context learning-the ability to dynamically extract, internalize, and apply new knowledge from complex, task-specific contexts.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Hongbo Jin , Mingnan Zhu , Jingqi Tian , Xu Jiang , Zhongjing Du , Haoran Tang , Siyi Xie , Qiaoman Zhang , Jiayu Ding

Generative LLM have achieved remarkable success in various industrial applications, owing to their promising In-Context Learning capabilities. However, the issue of long context in complex tasks poses a significant barrier to their wider…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yihang Wang , Xu Huang , Bowen Tian , Yueyang Su , Lei Yu , Huaming Liao , Yixing Fan , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown exciting performance in listwise passage ranking. Due to the limited input length, existing methods often adopt the sliding window strategy. Such a strategy, though effective, is inefficient as it…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Wenhan Liu , Xinyu Ma , Yutao Zhu , Ziliang Zhao , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Zhicheng Dou

We introduce QwenLong-L1.5, a model that achieves superior long-context reasoning capabilities through systematic post-training innovations. The key technical breakthroughs of QwenLong-L1.5 are as follows: (1) Long-Context Data Synthesis…

Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly progressed into general-purpose agents capable of solving a broad spectrum of tasks. However, current models remain inefficient at reasoning: they apply fixed inference-time compute regardless of…

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit substantially shorter effective context lengths than their claimed capacities, especially when handling complex reasoning tasks that require integrating information from multiple parts of a long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Yuwei Zhang , Jayanth Srinivasa , Gaowen Liu , Jingbo Shang

Long Context Language Models have drawn great attention in the past few years. There has been work discussing the impact of long context on Language Model performance: some find that long irrelevant context could harm performance, while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jingzhe Shi , Qinwei Ma , Hongyi Liu , Hang Zhao , Jeng-Neng Hwang , Lei Li

The adoption of long context windows has become a standard feature in Large Language Models (LLMs), as extended contexts significantly enhance their capacity for complex reasoning and broaden their applicability across diverse scenarios.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Wenxuan Li , Chengruidong Zhang , Huiqiang Jiang , Yucheng Li , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

Processing and reasoning over long contexts is crucial for many practical applications of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as document comprehension and agent construction. Despite recent strides in making LLMs process contexts with more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Xinrong Zhang , Yingfa Chen , Shengding Hu , Zihang Xu , Junhao Chen , Moo Khai Hao , Xu Han , Zhen Leng Thai , Shuo Wang , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Large language models (LMs) are currently trained to predict tokens given document prefixes, enabling them to directly perform long-form generation and prompting-style tasks which can be reduced to document completion. Existing pretraining…

Long-context capability is considered one of the most important abilities of LLMs, as a truly long context-capable LLM enables users to effortlessly process many originally exhausting tasks -- e.g., digesting a long-form document to find…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Wang Yang , Hongye Jin , Shaochen Zhong , Song Jiang , Qifan Wang , Vipin Chaudhary , Xiaotian Han

We introduce Qwen2.5-1M, a series of models that extend the context length to 1 million tokens. Compared to the previous 128K version, the Qwen2.5-1M series have significantly enhanced long-context capabilities through long-context…