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Automating operations research (OR) with large language models (LLMs) remains limited by hand-crafted reasoning--execution workflows. Complex OR tasks require adaptive coordination among problem interpretation, mathematical formulation,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jiahao Huang , Peilan Xu , Xiaoya Nan , Wenjian Luo

Designing effective control policies for autonomous systems remains a fundamental challenge, traditionally addressed through reinforcement learning or manual engineering. While reinforcement learning has achieved remarkable success, it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ping Guo , Chao Li , Yinglan Feng , Chaoning Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated great promise in generating code, especially when used inside an evolutionary computation framework to iteratively optimize the generated algorithms. However, in some cases they fail to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Niki van Stein , Anna V. Kononova , Lars Kotthoff , Thomas Bäck

Recent work such as AlphaEvolve has shown that combining LLM-driven optimization with evolutionary search can effectively improve programs, prompts, and algorithms across domains. In this paradigm, previously evaluated solutions are reused…

Gradient-based preference optimization methods for large language model (LLM) alignment suffer from preference collapse, converging to narrow behavioral modes while neglecting preference diversity. We introduce EvoPref, a multi-objective…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Dongxin Guo , Jikun Wu , Siu Ming Yiu

The reasoning frontier of Large Language Models (LLMs) has advanced significantly through modern post-training paradigms (e.g., Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR)). However, the efficacy of these methods remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Liqin Ye , Yanbin Yin , Michael Galarnyk , Yuzhao Heng , Sudheer Chava , Chao Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) possess substantial reasoning capabilities and are increasingly applied to optimization tasks, particularly in synergy with evolutionary computation. However, while recent surveys have explored specific aspects…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Yisong Zhang , Ran Cheng , Guoxing Yi , Kay Chen Tan

Complex agentic AI systems, powered by a coordinated ensemble of Large Language Models (LLMs), tool and memory modules, have demonstrated remarkable capabilities on intricate, multi-turn tasks. However, this success is shadowed by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Guibin Zhang , Haiyang Yu , Kaiming Yang , Bingli Wu , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li , Shuicheng Yan

The paradigm of automated program generation is shifting from one-shot generation to inference-time search, where Large Language Models (LLMs) function as semantic mutation operators within evolutionary loops. While effective, these systems…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Mert Cemri , Shubham Agrawal , Akshat Gupta , Shu Liu , Audrey Cheng , Qiuyang Mang , Ashwin Naren , Lutfi Eren Erdogan , Koushik Sen , Matei Zaharia , Alex Dimakis , Ion Stoica

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in teams, yet existing coordination approaches often occupy two extremes. Highly structured methods rely on fixed roles, pipelines, or task decompositions assigned a priori. In…

The difficulty and expense of obtaining large-scale human responses make Large Language Models (LLMs) an attractive alternative and a promising proxy for human behavior. However, prior work shows that LLMs often produce homogeneous outputs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Manh Hung Nguyen , Sebastian Tschiatschek , Adish Singla

Test-Time Scaling (TTS) improves large language models (LLMs) by allocating additional computation during inference, typically through parallel, sequential, or hybrid scaling. However, prior studies often assume fixed collaboration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Fali Wang , Jihai Chen , Shuhua Yang , Runxue Bao , Tianxiang Zhao , Zhiwei Zhang , Xianfeng Tang , Hui Liu , Qi He , Suhang Wang

This paper proposes EvoAgent - an evolvable large language model (LLM) agent framework that integrates structured skill learning with a hierarchical sub-agent delegation mechanism. EvoAgent models skills as multi-file structured capability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Aimin Zhang , Jiajing Guo , Fuwei Jia , Chen Lv , Boyu Wang , Fangzheng Li

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as proposal generators for evolutionary robot design, yet most loops remain memoryless: simulator results shape the next population but are not preserved as reusable design knowledge. We…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yunfei Wang , Xiaohao Xu , Yang Li , Xiaonan Huang

Experience-driven self-evolving agents aim to overcome the static nature of large language models by distilling reusable experience from past interactions, thus enabling adaptation to novel tasks at deployment time. This process places…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zhiyuan Fan , Wenwei Jin , Feng Zhang , Bin Li , Yihong Dong , Yao Hu , Jiawei Li

Large language models have recently demonstrated remarkable abilities to self-correct their responses through iterative refinement, often referred to as self-consistency or self-reflection. However, the dynamics of this self-correction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Hossein A. Rahmani , Satyapriya Krishna , Xi Wang , Mohammadmehdi Naghiaei , Emine Yilmaz

Large language model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems (MAS) show strong promise for complex reasoning, planning, and tool-augmented tasks, but designing effective MAS architectures remains labor-intensive, brittle, and hard to generalize.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yuntong Hu , Yuting Zhang , Matthew Trager , Yi Zhang , Shuo Yang , Wei Xia , Stefano Soatto

Current Large Language Model (LLM) agents show strong performance in tool use, but lack the crucial capability to systematically learn from their own experiences. While existing frameworks mainly focus on mitigating external knowledge gaps,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Rong Wu , Xiaoman Wang , Jianbiao Mei , Pinlong Cai , Daocheng Fu , Cheng Yang , Licheng Wen , Xuemeng Yang , Yufan Shen , Yuxin Wang , Botian Shi

Quality Diversity (QD) has emerged as a powerful alternative optimization paradigm that aims at generating large and diverse collections of solutions, notably with its flagship algorithm MAP-ELITES (ME) which evolves solutions through…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Thomas Pierrot , Arthur Flajolet

Large Language Models (LLMs) are used for Register-Transfer Level (RTL) code generation, but they face two main challenges: functional correctness and Power, Performance, and Area (PPA) optimization. Iterative, feedback-based methods…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Kyungjun Min , Kyumin Cho , Junhwan Jang , Seokhyeong Kang