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This paper investigates the parameter space of machine learning (ML) algorithms in aggravating or mitigating fairness bugs. Data-driven software is increasingly applied in social-critical applications where ensuring fairness is of paramount…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Saeid Tizpaz-Niari , Ashish Kumar , Gang Tan , Ashutosh Trivedi

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has demonstrated remarkable capabilities in domains such as recruitment, finance, healthcare, and the judiciary. However, biases in AI systems raise ethical and societal concerns, emphasizing the need for…

Today, AI is increasingly being used in many high-stakes decision-making applications in which fairness is an important concern. Already, there are many examples of AI being biased and making questionable and unfair decisions. The AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-06 Yunfeng Zhang , Rachel K. E. Bellamy , Kush R. Varshney

The rise of machine learning (ML) is accompanied by several high-profile cases that have stressed the need for fairness, accountability, explainability and trust in ML systems. The existing literature has largely focused on fully automated…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Bhavya Ghai

Generative AI technologies, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), have transformed information management systems but introduced substantial biases that can compromise their effectiveness in informing business decision-making. This…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Xiahua Wei , Naveen Kumar , Han Zhang

The recruitment process significantly impacts an organization's performance, productivity, and culture. Traditionally, human resource experts and industrial-organizational psychologists have developed systematic hiring methods, including…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Dena F. Mujtaba , Nihar R. Mahapatra

With increasing digitalization, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming ubiquitous. AI-based systems to identify, optimize, automate, and scale solutions to complex economic and societal problems are being proposed and implemented. This…

Machine learning (ML) algorithms play a critical role in decision-making across various domains, such as healthcare, finance, education, and law enforcement. However, concerns about fairness and bias in these systems have raised significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Ahmed Rashed , Abdelkrim Kallich , Mohamed Eltayeb

Automated decision systems are increasingly used to take consequential decisions in problems such as job hiring and loan granting with the hope of replacing subjective human decisions with objective machine learning (ML) algorithms.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Guilherme Alves , Fabien Bernier , Miguel Couceiro , Karima Makhlouf , Catuscia Palamidessi , Sami Zhioua

This paper summarizes and evaluates various approaches, methods, and techniques for pursuing fairness in artificial intelligence (AI) systems. It examines the merits and shortcomings of these measures and proposes practical guidelines for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Arash Bateni , Matthew C. Chan , Ray Eitel-Porter

This paper studies the performance of large language models (LLMs), particularly regarding demographic fairness, in solving real-world healthcare tasks. We evaluate state-of-the-art LLMs with three prevalent learning frameworks across six…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Yue Zhou , Barbara Di Eugenio , Lu Cheng

In efforts toward achieving responsible artificial intelligence (AI), fostering a culture of workplace transparency, diversity, and inclusion can breed innovation, trust, and employee contentment. In AI and Machine Learning (ML), such…

The widespread use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems across various domains is increasingly surfacing issues related to algorithmic fairness, especially in high-stakes scenarios. Thus, critical considerations of how fairness in AI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Luca Deck , Astrid Schomäcker , Timo Speith , Jakob Schöffer , Lena Kästner , Niklas Kühl

The widespread integration of AI technologies has intensified concerns about fairness and bias, as these systems often perpetuate societal inequalities through flawed data and design choices. While software engineering research has largely…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Ronnie de Souza Santos , Maria Teresa Baldassarre , Cleyton Magalhaes

Fairness is one of the most commonly identified ethical principles in existing AI guidelines, and the development of fair AI-enabled systems is required by new and emerging AI regulation. But most approaches to addressing the fairness of…

The rapid progress in Large Language Models (LLMs) could transform many fields, but their fast development creates significant challenges for oversight, ethical creation, and building user trust. This comprehensive review looks at key trust…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Md Meftahul Ferdaus , Mahdi Abdelguerfi , Elias Ioup , Kendall N. Niles , Ken Pathak , Steven Sloan

Fairness emerged as an important requirement to guarantee that Machine Learning (ML) predictive systems do not discriminate against specific individuals or entire sub-populations, in particular, minorities. Given the inherent subjectivity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Karima Makhlouf , Sami Zhioua , Catuscia Palamidessi

Are AI systems truly representing human values, or merely averaging across them? Our study suggests a concerning reality: Large Language Models (LLMs) fail to represent diverse cultural moral frameworks despite their linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Simon Münker

Advances in large language models (LLMs) have driven an explosion of interest about their societal impacts. Much of the discourse around how they will impact social equity has been cautionary or negative, focusing on questions like "how…

Context: This study explores how software professionals identify and address biases in AI systems within the software industry, focusing on practical knowledge and real-world applications. Goal: We aimed to understand the strategies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Ronnie de Souza Santos , Luiz Fernando de Lima , Maria Teresa Baldassarre , Rodrigo Spinola
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