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Today, with the growing obsession with applying Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Machine Learning (ML), to software across various contexts, much of the focus has been on the effectiveness of AI models, often measured through…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Thanh Nguyen , Chaima Boufaied , Ronnie de Souza Santos

The rise in the use of AI/ML applications across industries has sparked more discussions about the fairness of AI/ML in recent times. While prior research on the fairness of AI/ML exists, there is a lack of empirical studies focused on…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Aastha Pant , Rashina Hoda , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Burak Turhan

The rise of general-purpose artificial intelligence (AI) systems, particularly large language models (LLMs), has raised pressing moral questions about how to reduce bias and ensure fairness at scale. Researchers have documented a sort of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Jacy Anthis , Kristian Lum , Michael Ekstrand , Avi Feller , Chenhao Tan

Software testing ensures that a system functions correctly, meets specified requirements, and maintains high quality. As artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) technologies become integral to software systems, testing has evolved…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Ronnie de Souza Santos , Matheus de Morais Leca , Reydne Santos , Cleyton Magalhaes

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) and multi-agent systems (MAS) are increasingly embedded across the software development lifecycle (SDLC), yet their fairness implications for developer-facing tools remain underexplored despite…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Corey Yang-Smith , Ronnie de Souza Santos , Ahmad Abdellatif

In a world of daily emerging scientific inquisition and discovery, the prolific launch of machine learning across industries comes to little surprise for those familiar with the potential of ML. Neither so should the congruent expansion of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Brianna Richardson , Juan E. Gilbert

Reaching consensus on a commonly accepted definition of AI Fairness has long been a central challenge in AI ethics and governance. There is a broad spectrum of views across society on what the concept of fairness means and how it should…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) models are now being utilized in all facets of our lives such as healthcare, education and employment. Since they are used in numerous sensitive environments and make decisions that can be life altering,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Tahsin Alamgir Kheya , Mohamed Reda Bouadjenek , Sunil Aryal

The potential risk of AI systems unintentionally embedding and reproducing bias has attracted the attention of machine learning practitioners and society at large. As policy makers are willing to set the standards of algorithms and AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Boris Ruf , Chaouki Boutharouite , Marcin Detyniecki

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly employed in software engineering tasks such as requirements elicitation, design, and evaluation, raising critical questions regarding their alignment with human judgments on responsible AI…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Asma Yamani , Malak Baslyman , Moataz Ahmed

With the widespread use of AI systems and applications in our everyday lives, it is important to take fairness issues into consideration while designing and engineering these types of systems. Such systems can be used in many sensitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Ninareh Mehrabi , Fred Morstatter , Nripsuta Saxena , Kristina Lerman , Aram Galstyan

Problem statement: Standardisation of AI fairness rules and benchmarks is challenging because AI fairness and other ethical requirements depend on multiple factors such as context, use case, type of the AI system, and so on. In this paper,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Avinash Agarwal , Harsh Agarwal

This paper investigates how large language models (LLMs) are reshaping competitive programming. The field functions as an intellectual contest within computer science education and is marked by rapid iteration, real-time feedback,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Dongyijie Primo Pan , Lan Luo , Ji Zhu , Zhiqi Gao , Xin Tong , Pan Hui

AI systems are increasingly used in high-stakes domains such as credit rating, where fairness concerns are critical. Existing fairness assessments are typically conducted by AI experts or regulators using predefined protected attributes and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Lin Luo , Satwik Ghanta , Yuri Nakao , Mathieu Chollet , Simone Stumpf

Fairness is a growing concern for high-risk decision-making using Artificial Intelligence (AI) but ensuring it through purely technical means is challenging: there is no universally accepted fairness measure, fairness is context-dependent,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Evdoxia Taka , Yuri Nakao , Ryosuke Sonoda , Takuya Yokota , Lin Luo , Simone Stumpf

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) highlights the necessity for ethical considerations and data integrity in AI development, particularly emphasizing the role of FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Shaina Raza , Shardul Ghuge , Chen Ding , Elham Dolatabadi , Deval Pandya

Privacy and fairness are two crucial pillars of responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI) and trustworthy Machine Learning (ML). Each objective has been independently studied in the literature with the aim of reducing utility loss in…

Growing awareness of social biases and inequalities embedded in Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems has brought increased attention to the integration of Diversity and Inclusion (D&I) principles throughout the AI lifecycle. Despite the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Sidra Malik , Muneera Bano , Didar Zowghi

Fairness in machine learning (ML) applications is an important practice for developers in research and industry. In ML applications, unfairness is triggered due to bias in the data, curation process, erroneous assumptions, and implicit bias…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Anoop Mishra , Deepak Khazanchi

Algorithmic fairness has emerged as a critical concern in artificial intelligence (AI) research. However, the development of fair AI systems is not an objective process. Fairness is an inherently subjective concept, shaped by the values,…

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