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The deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) in interactive systems necessitates a deep alignment with the nuanced and dynamic preferences of individual users. Current alignment techniques predominantly address universal human values or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Xiaotian Zhang , Yuan Wang , Ruizhe Chen , Zeya Wang , Runchen Hou , Zuozhu Liu

Human values and their measurement are long-standing interdisciplinary inquiry. Recent advances in AI have sparked renewed interest in this area, with large language models (LLMs) emerging as both tools and subjects of value measurement.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Haoran Ye , Yuhang Xie , Yuanyi Ren , Hanjun Fang , Xin Zhang , Guojie Song

Human driving behavior is inherently personal, which is shaped by long-term habits and influenced by short-term intentions. Individuals differ in how they accelerate, brake, merge, yield, and overtake across diverse situations. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Zehao Wang , Huaide Jiang , Shuaiwu Dong , Yuping Wang , Hang Qiu , Jiachen Li

Recent AI-assistant agents, such as ChatGPT, predominantly rely on supervised fine-tuning (SFT) with human annotations and reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) to align the output of large language models (LLMs) with human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Zhiqing Sun , Yikang Shen , Qinhong Zhou , Hongxin Zhang , Zhenfang Chen , David Cox , Yiming Yang , Chuang Gan

In this paper, we introduce the AI Search Paradigm, a comprehensive blueprint for next-generation search systems capable of emulating human information processing and decision-making. The paradigm employs a modular architecture of four…

AI systems increasingly assist human decision making by producing preliminary assessments of complex inputs. However, such AI-generated assessments can often be noisy or systematically biased, raising a central question: how should costly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-17 Lezhi Tan , Naomi Sagan , Lihua Lei , Jose Blanchet

Machine learning (ML) models have significantly impacted various domains in our everyday lives. While large language models (LLMs) offer intuitive interfaces and versatility, task-specific ML models remain valuable for their efficiency and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Wataru Kawabe , Yusuke Sugano

Predicting human decision-making in high-stakes environments remains a central challenge for artificial intelligence. While large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong general reasoning, they often struggle to generate consistent,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Ben Yellin , Ehud Ezra , Mark Foreman , Shula Grinapol

Effective persuasive dialogue agents adapt their strategies to individual users, accounting for the evolution of their psychological states and intentions throughout conversations. We present a personality-aware reinforcement learning…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Donghuo Zeng , Roberto Legaspi , Kazushi Ikeda

One of today's most significant societal challenges is building AI systems whose behaviour, or the behaviour it enables within communities of interacting agents (human and artificial), aligns with human values. To address this challenge, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Nardine Osman , Mark d'Inverno

Expert decision-makers (DMs) in high-stakes AI-assisted decision-making (AIaDM) settings receive and reconcile recommendations from AI systems before making their final decisions. We identify distinct properties of these settings which are…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Nicholas Wolczynski , Maytal Saar-Tsechansky , Tong Wang

We describe a class of tasks called decision-oriented dialogues, in which AI assistants such as large language models (LMs) must collaborate with one or more humans via natural language to help them make complex decisions. We formalize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Jessy Lin , Nicholas Tomlin , Jacob Andreas , Jason Eisner

Autonomous driving has made significant strides through data-driven techniques, achieving robust performance in standardized tasks. However, existing methods frequently overlook user-specific preferences, offering limited scope for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Chengkai Xu , Jiaqi Liu , Yicheng Guo , Yuhang Zhang , Peng Hang , Jian Sun

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized various sectors by automating routine tasks, marking a step toward the realization of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). However, they still struggle to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Zihao Tang , Zheqi Lv , Shengyu Zhang , Fei Wu , Kun Kuang

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems become increasingly integrated into various domains, ensuring that they align with human values becomes critical. This paper introduces a novel formalism to quantify the alignment between AI systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Fazl Barez , Philip Torr

Recent advancements in autonomous driving (AD) have explored the use of vision-language models (VLMs) within visual question answering (VQA) frameworks for direct driving decision-making. However, these approaches often depend on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Xin Hu , Taotao Jing , Renran Tian , Zhengming Ding

Ensuring that generative AI systems align with human values is essential but challenging, especially when considering multiple human values and their potential trade-offs. Since human values can be personalized and dynamically change over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Xinran Wang , Qi Le , Ammar Ahmed , Enmao Diao , Yi Zhou , Nathalie Baracaldo , Jie Ding , Ali Anwar

Desires motivate humans to interact autonomously with the complex world. In contrast, current AI agents require explicit task specifications, such as instructions or reward functions, which constrain their autonomy and behavioral diversity.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Yiding Wang , Yuxuan Chen , Fangwei Zhong , Long Ma , Yizhou Wang

Automated machine learning (AutoML) accelerates AI development by automating tasks in the development pipeline, such as optimal model search and hyperparameter tuning. Existing AutoML systems often require technical expertise to set up…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Patara Trirat , Wonyong Jeong , Sung Ju Hwang

Personalized driving refers to an autonomous vehicle's ability to adapt its driving behavior or control strategies to match individual users' preferences and driving styles while maintaining safety and comfort standards. However, existing…