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Related papers: Optimised Fermion-Qubit Encodings for Quantum Simu…

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A compelling application of quantum computers with thousands of qubits is quantum simulation. Simulating fermionic systems is both a problem with clear real-world applications and a computationally challenging task. In order to simulate a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Emiliia Dyrenkova , Raymond Laflamme , Michael Vasmer

This paper introduces the Hamiltonian-Adaptive Ternary Tree (HATT) framework to compile optimized Fermion-to-qubit mapping for specific Fermionic Hamiltonians. In the simulation of Fermionic quantum systems, efficient Fermion-to-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-15 Yuhao Liu , Kevin Yao , Jonathan Hong , Julien Froustey , Ermal Rrapaj , Costin Iancu , Gushu Li , Yunong Shi

Number-conserved subspace encoding reduces resources needed for quantum simulations, but scalable complexity trade-off bounds for $M$ modes and $N$ particles with $\mathcal{O}(N\log M)$ qubits have remained unknown. We study…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 M. H. Cheng , Yu-Cheng Chen , Qian Wang , V. Bartsch , M. S. Kim , Alice Hu , Min-Hsiu Hsieh

In order to simulate a system of fermions on a quantum computer, it is necessary to represent the fermionic states and operators on qubits. This can be accomplished in multiple ways, including the well-known Jordan-Wigner transform, as well…

We discuss encodings of fermionic many-body systems by qubits in the presence of symmetries. Such encodings eliminate redundant degrees of freedom in a way that preserves a simple structure of the system Hamiltonian enabling quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-31 Sergey Bravyi , Jay M. Gambetta , Antonio Mezzacapo , Kristan Temme

In digital quantum simulation of fermionic models with qubits, non-local maps for encoding are often encountered. Such maps require linear or logarithmic overhead in circuit depth which could render the simulation useless, for a given…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-28 Guanyu Zhu , Yigit Subasi , James D. Whitfield , Mohammad Hafezi

This paper introduces Fermihedral, a compiler framework focusing on discovering the optimal Fermion-to-qubit encoding for targeted Fermionic Hamiltonians. Fermion-to-qubit encoding is a crucial step in harnessing quantum computing for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-28 Yuhao Liu , Shize Che , Junyu Zhou , Yunong Shi , Gushu Li

Simulating fermionic systems on a quantum computer requires a high-performing mapping of fermionic states to qubits. A characteristic of an efficient mapping is its ability to translate local fermionic interactions into local qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-25 Mitchell Chiew , Sergii Strelchuk

Qutrits, three-level quantum systems, have the advantage of potentially requiring fewer components than the typically used two-level qubits to construct equivalent quantum circuits. This work investigates the potential of qutrit parametric…

We introduce a fermion-to-qubit mapping defined on ternary trees, where any single Majorana operator on an $n$-mode fermionic system is mapped to a multi-qubit Pauli operator acting nontrivially on $\lceil \log_3(2n+1)\rceil$ qubits. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-01 Zhang Jiang , Amir Kalev , Wojciech Mruczkiewicz , Hartmut Neven

We present a general strategy for mapping fermionic systems to quantum hardware with square qubit connectivity which yields low-depth quantum circuits, counted in the number of native two-qubit fSIM gates. We achieve this by leveraging…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-01 Manuel G. Algaba , P. V. Sriluckshmy , Martin Leib , Fedor Šimkovic

Simulation of fermionic systems is one of the most promising applications of quantum computers. It spans problems in quantum chemistry, high-energy physics and condensed matter. Underpinning the core steps of any quantum simulation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Mitchell Chiew , Cameron Ibrahim , Ilya Safro , Sergii Strelchuk

Simulation of interacting fermionic Hamiltonians is one of the most promising applications of quantum computers. However, the feasibility of analysing fermionic systems with a quantum computer hinges on the efficiency of fermion-to-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-27 Jeffery Yu , Yuan Liu , Sho Sugiura , Troy Van Voorhis , Sina Zeytinoğlu

Simulating fermionic systems on a quantum computer requires representing fermionic states using qubits. The complexity of many simulation algorithms depends on the complexity of implementing rotations generated by fermionic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-08 Joseph Carolan , Luke Schaeffer

Simulating fermionic systems on qubit hardware involves many nonlocal interactions, and efficient routing of these interactions is critical to the overall cost of fermionic simulation algorithms. Recent works reduce this Jordan-Wigner…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Dantong Li , Shifan Xu , Yongshan Ding

We propose a computational protocol for quantum simulations of Fermionic Hamiltonians on a quantum computer, enabling calculations which were previously not feasible with conventional encoding and ansatses of variational quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-15 Benchen Huang , Nan Sheng , Marco Govoni , Giulia Galli

Quantum computers hold great promise for efficiently simulating Fermionic systems, benefiting fields like quantum chemistry and materials science. To achieve this, algorithms typically begin by choosing a Fermion-to-qubit mapping to encode…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-30 Aaron Miller , Adam Glos , Zoltán Zimborás

Despite using a novel model of computation, quantum computers break down programs into elementary gates. Among such gates, entangling gates are the most expensive. In the context of fermionic simulations, we develop a suite of compilation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-08 Qingfeng Wang , Ze-Pei Cian , Ming Li , Igor L. Markov , Yunseong Nam

In this work we present a method for generating a fermionic encoding tailored to a set of target fermionic operators and to a target hardware connectivity. Our method uses brute force search, over the space of all encodings which map from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-12 Riley W. Chien , Joel Klassen

Hamiltonian simulation on quantum computers is strongly constrained by gate counts, motivating techniques to reduce circuit depths. While tensor networks are natural competitors to quantum computers, we instead leverage them to support…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-04 Joe Gibbs , Lukasz Cincio
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