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Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) for reasoning tasks using reinforcement learning methods like Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) is computationally expensive. To address this, we propose a predictive framework that models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Datta Nimmaturi , Vaishnavi Bhargava , Rajat Ghosh , Johnu George , Debojyoti Dutta

Code language models have emerged as useful tools for various programming tasks, yet they often struggle when it comes to complex ones. In this paper, we explore the potential of curriculum learning in enhancing the performance of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Marwa Naïr , Kamel Yamani , Lynda Said Lhadj , Riyadh Baghdadi

The standard practice for training large language models involves packing multiple documents together to optimize computational efficiency. However, the impact of this process on the models' capabilities remains largely unexplored. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Gabriele Prato , Shagun Sodhani , Alessandro Sordoni , Sarath Chandar

As language models scale up, it becomes increasingly expensive to verify research ideas because conclusions on small models do not trivially transfer to large ones. A possible solution is to establish a generic system that accurately…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Yiqun Yao , Siqi fan , Xiusheng Huang , Xuezhi Fang , Xiang Li , Ziyi Ni , Xin Jiang , Xuying Meng , Peng Han , Shuo Shang , Kang Liu , Aixin Sun , Yequan Wang

Background and Context: Over the past year, large language models (LLMs) have taken the world by storm. In computing education, like in other walks of life, many opportunities and threats have emerged as a consequence. Objectives: In this…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Arto Hellas , Juho Leinonen , Sami Sarsa , Charles Koutcheme , Lilja Kujanpää , Juha Sorva

There is a recent trend in machine learning to increase model quality by growing models to sizes previously thought to be unreasonable. Recent work has shown that autoregressive generative models with cross-entropy objective functions…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-18 Jasha Droppo , Oguz Elibol

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive multilingual capability, but their performance varies substantially across different languages. In this work, we introduce a simple yet effective method, called cross-lingual-thought…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Haoyang Huang , Tianyi Tang , Dongdong Zhang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ting Song , Yan Xia , Furu Wei

Large language models (LLMs) are used in software development to assist in various tasks, e.g., code generation and code completion, but empirical evaluations of the quality of the results produced by these models focus on correctness and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Lola Solovyeva , Sophie Weidmann , Fernando Castor

A primary challenge in large language model (LLM) development is their onerous pre-training cost. Typically, such pre-training involves optimizing a self-supervised objective (such as next-token prediction) over a large corpus. This paper…

The prominent large language models (LLMs) of today differ from past language models not only in size, but also in the fact that they are trained on a combination of natural language and formal language (code). As a medium between humans…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Ke Yang , Jiateng Liu , John Wu , Chaoqi Yang , Yi R. Fung , Sha Li , Zixuan Huang , Xu Cao , Xingyao Wang , Yiquan Wang , Heng Ji , Chengxiang Zhai

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising capabilities for code generation. While existing benchmarks evaluate the correctness and efficiency of LLM-generated code, the potential linguistic bias - where code quality varies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Weipeng Jiang , Xuanqi Gao , Juan Zhai , Shiqing Ma , Xiaoyu Zhang , Ziyan Lei , Chao Shen

It is a common belief that large language models (LLMs) are better than smaller-sized ones. However, larger models also require significantly more time and compute during inference. This begs the question: what happens when both models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Michael Hassid , Tal Remez , Jonas Gehring , Roy Schwartz , Yossi Adi

Scaling laws are well studied for language models and first-stage retrieval, but not for reranking. We present the first systematic study of scaling laws for cross-encoder rerankers across pointwise, pairwise, and listwise objectives.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Rahul Seetharaman , Aman Bansal , Hamed Zamani , Kaustubh Dhole

The reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs) has been rapidly advancing in recent years, attracting interest in more fundamental approaches that can reliably enhance their generalizability. This work demonstrates that model…

While the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, it remains unclear how such ability varies across languages in multilingual LLMs and whether different languages produce reasoning paths that complement each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Sara Rajaee , Rochelle Choenni , Ekaterina Shutova , Christof Monz

Recently, Language Models (LMs) instruction-tuned on multiple tasks, also known as multitask-prompted fine-tuning (MT), have shown the capability to generalize to unseen tasks. Previous work has shown that scaling the number of training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Joel Jang , Seungone Kim , Seonghyeon Ye , Doyoung Kim , Lajanugen Logeswaran , Moontae Lee , Kyungjae Lee , Minjoon Seo

Deep learning-based approaches, particularly those leveraging pre-trained language models (PLMs), have shown promise in automated software vulnerability detection. However, existing methods are predominantly limited to specific programming…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Junji Yu , Honglin Shu , Michael Fu , Dong Wang , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Yasutaka Kamei , Junjie Chen

Recent advancements in Reinforcement Post-Training (RPT) have significantly enhanced the capabilities of Large Reasoning Models (LRMs), sparking increased interest in the generalization of RL-based reasoning. While existing work has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Wen Yang , Junhong Wu , Chong Li , Chengqing Zong , Jiajun Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) require enormous computing power to pretrain on massive datasets. When limited datasets are available, smaller-sized LLMs are better choice to pretrain (on user-specified datasets) by following the scaling laws…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Praveen Rao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed the natural language processing landscape and brought to life diverse applications. Pretraining on vast web-scale data has laid the foundation for these models, yet the research community is now…

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