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The rapid appearance of large language models (LLMs) has led to systems that turn natural-language intent into real user interfaces (UIs). Free-form code generation maximizes expressiveness but often hurts reliability, security, and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Xinsong Li , Ning Jiang , Jay Selvaraj

Large Language Model (LLM)-based UI agents show great promise for UI automation but often hallucinate in long-horizon tasks due to their lack of understanding of the global UI transition structure. To address this, we introduce AGENT+P, a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Shang Ma , Xusheng Xiao , Yanfang Ye

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have enabled LLM-based agents to directly interact with application user interfaces (UIs), enhancing agents' performance in complex tasks. However, these agents often suffer from high latency and low…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Junting Lu , Zhiyang Zhang , Fangkai Yang , Jue Zhang , Lu Wang , Chao Du , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang , Qi Zhang

Quality-sensitive applications of machine learning (ML) require quality assurance (QA) by humans before the predictions of an ML model can be deployed. QA for ML (QA4ML) interfaces require users to view a large amount of data and perform…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Yu Zhang , Martijn Tennekes , Tim de Jong , Lyana Curier , Bob Coecke , Min Chen

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents offer cross-platform solutions for automating complex digital tasks, with significant potential to transform productivity workflows. However, their performance is often constrained by the scarcity of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Junlei Zhang , Zichen Ding , Chang Ma , Zijie Chen , Qiushi Sun , Zhenzhong Lan , Junxian He

The evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has showcased remarkable capacities for logical reasoning and natural language comprehension. These capabilities can be leveraged in solutions that semantically and textually model complex…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Syed Mekael Wasti , Ken Q. Pu , Ali Neshati

This paper introduces a novel Large Language Models (LLMs)-assisted agent that automatically converts natural-language descriptions of power system optimization scenarios into compact, solver-ready formulations and generates corresponding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Yunkai Hu , Tianqiao Zhao , Meng Yue

The remarkable capabilities of Large Language Model (LLM)-driven agents have enabled sophisticated systems to tackle complex, multi-step tasks, but their escalating costs threaten scalability and accessibility. This work presents the first…

We aim to evaluate Large Language Models (LLMs) for embodied decision making. While a significant body of work has been leveraging LLMs for decision making in embodied environments, we still lack a systematic understanding of their…

Simulations, although powerful in accurately replicating real-world systems, often remain inaccessible to non-technical users due to their complexity. Conversely, large language models (LLMs) provide intuitive, language-based interactions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Jacob Kleiman , Kevin Frank , Joseph Voyles , Sindy Campagna

Agents, as user-centric tools, are increasingly deployed for human task delegation, assisting with a broad spectrum of requests by generating thoughts, engaging with user proxies, and producing action plans. However, agents based on large…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Wenyue Hua , Mengting Wan , Shashank Vadrevu , Ryan Nadel , Yongfeng Zhang , Chi Wang

Developing and testing user interfaces (UIs) and training AI agents to interact with them are challenging due to the dynamic and diverse nature of real-world mobile environments. Existing methods often rely on cumbersome physical devices or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Jiannan Xiang , Yun Zhu , Lei Shu , Maria Wang , Lijun Yu , Gabriel Barcik , James Lyon , Srinivas Sunkara , Jindong Chen

Simulating nuanced user experiences within complex interactive search systems poses distinct challenge for traditional methodologies, which often rely on static user proxies or, more recently, on standalone large language model (LLM) agents…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Saber Zerhoudi , Michael Granitzer

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) show strong potential for interpreting and interacting with complex, pixel-rich Graphical User Interface (GUI) environments. However, building agents that are both efficient for high-level tasks and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Sarthak Mehrotra , Sairam V C Rebbapragada , Mani Hemanth Reddy Bonthu , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

Requirements elicitation, a critical, yet time-consuming and challenging step in product development, often fails to capture the full spectrum of user needs. This may lead to products that fall short of expectations. This paper introduces a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Mohammadmehdi Ataei , Hyunmin Cheong , Daniele Grandi , Ye Wang , Nigel Morris , Alexander Tessier

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to the development of intelligent LLM-based agents capable of interacting with graphical user interfaces (GUIs). These agents demonstrate strong reasoning and adaptability,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Wenjia Jiang , Yangyang Zhuang , Chenxi Song , Xu Yang , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Chi Zhang

Personalization today is fundamentally platform-centric: services build user representations from the behavioral fragments they observe. Yet no platform can construct a complete picture of the user, as competitive incentives, legal…

Multimodal Large Language Models have demonstrated exceptional performance in UI2Code tasks, significantly enhancing website development efficiency. However, these tasks incur substantially higher computational overhead than traditional…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Jingyu Xiao , Zhongyi Zhang , Yuxuan Wan , Yintong Huo , Yang Liu , Michael R. Lyu

While Large Language Models demonstrate remarkable proficiency in high-level semantic planning, they remain limited in handling fine-grained, low-level web component manipulations. To address this limitation, extensive research has focused…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Zhi Qiu , Jiazheng Sun , Chenxiao Xia , Jun Zheng , Xin Peng

The rapid development of large language model (LLM)-based agents has unlocked new possibilities for autonomous multi-turn reasoning and tool-augmented decision-making. However, their real-world deployment is hindered by severe…

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