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Temperature is a crucial hyperparameter in large language models (LLMs), controlling the trade-off between exploration and exploitation during text generation. High temperatures encourage diverse but noisy outputs, while low temperatures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Haoran Dang , Cuiling Lan , Hai Wan , Xibin Zhao , Yan Lu

In a typical traffic scenario, autonomous vehicles are required to share the road with other road participants, e.g., human driven vehicles, pedestrians, etc. To successfully navigate the traffic, a cognitive hierarchy theory such as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-24 Gokul S. Sankar , Kyoungseok Han

Visual generation is dominated by three paradigms: AutoRegressive (AR), diffusion, and Visual AutoRegressive (VAR) models. Unlike AR and diffusion, VARs operate on heterogeneous input structures across their generation steps, which creates…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Shikun Sun , Liao Qu , Huichao Zhang , Yiheng Liu , Yangyang Song , Xian Li , Xu Wang , Yi Jiang , Daniel K. Du , Xinglong Wu , Jia Jia

Current trajectory prediction models are primarily trained in an open-loop manner, which often leads to covariate shift and compounding errors when deployed in real-world, closed-loop settings. Furthermore, relying on static datasets or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Harsh Yadav , Tobias Meisen

We propose an imitation learning system for autonomous driving in urban traffic with interactions. We train a Behavioral Cloning~(BC) policy to imitate driving behavior collected from the real urban traffic, and apply the data aggregation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-06 Zhao-Heng Yin , Chenran Li , Liting Sun , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Wei Zhan

Self-supervised reinforcement learning (RL) presents a promising approach for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) without reliance on expensive human-annotated data. However, we find that existing methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Bizhe Bai , Hongming Wu , Peng Ye , Tao Chen

Despite rapid advances in text-to-image generation, faithfully realizing user intent remains challenging, often requiring manual multi-turn trial and error. To automate this process, existing systems rely on either simple prompt rewriting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jinming Liu , Ruoyu Feng , Yuqi Wang , Wenjun Zeng , Xin Jin

Autonomous driving has attracted great interest due to its potential capability in full-unsupervised driving. Model-based and learning-based methods are widely used in autonomous driving. Model-based methods rely on pre-defined models of…

Recently, safe reinforcement learning (RL) with the actor-critic structure for continuous control tasks has received increasing attention. It is still challenging to learn a near-optimal control policy with safety and convergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Xinglong Zhang , Yaoqian Peng , Biao Luo , Wei Pan , Xin Xu , Haibin Xie

Large Language Models (LLMs) often suffer from mode collapse, repeatedly generating the same few completions even when many valid answers exist, limiting their diversity across a wide range of tasks. We introduce Group-Aware Policy…

This paper studies full-body 3D human motion recovery from head-mounted device signals. Existing diffusion-based methods often rely on global distribution matching, leading to local joint reconstruction errors. We propose MotionGRPO, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Nanjie Yao , Junlong Ren , Wenhao Shen , Hao Wang

Policy optimization in reinforcement learning requires the selection of numerous hyperparameters across different environments. Fixing them incorrectly may negatively impact optimization performance leading notably to insufficient or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Jiancong Huang , Juan Rojas , Matthieu Zimmer , Hongmin Wu , Yisheng Guan , Paul Weng

Cooperative driving is a safety- and efficiency-critical task that requires the coordination of diverse, interaction-realistic multi-agent trajectories. Although existing diffusion-based methods can capture multimodal behaviors from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Haojie Bai , Aimin Li , Ruoyu Yao , Xiongwei Zhao , Tingting Zhang , Xing Zhang , Lin Gao , and Jun Ma

Group Relative Policy Optimization has emerged as essential for aligning video diffusion models with human preferences, but faces a critical computational bottleneck: training a 14B parametered model typically demands hundreds of GPU days…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Xiaoxuan He , Siming Fu , Zeyue Xue , Weijie Wang , Ruizhe He , Yuming Li , Dacheng Yin , Shuai Dong , Haoyang Huang , Hongfa Wang , Nan Duan , Bohan Zhuang

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) is highly effective for post-training autoregressive (AR) language models, yet its direct application to diffusion large language models (dLLMs) often triggers reward collapse. We identify two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jianyuan Zhong , Kaibo Wang , Ding Ding , Zijin Feng , Haoli Bai , Yang Xiang , Jiacheng Sun , Qiang Xu

Scalable and realistic simulation of multi-agent traffic behavior is critical for advancing autonomous driving technologies. Although existing data-driven simulators have made significant strides in this domain, they predominantly rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Muleilan Pei , Shaoshuai Shi , Shaojie Shen

In this work we study how explicit world-modeling objectives affect the internal representations and downstream capability of Transformers across different training stages. We use a controlled 2x2x2 Rubik's Cube and ask: (1) how does…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Prakhar Gupta , Henry Conklin , Sarah-Jane Leslie , Andrew Lee

In this paper, we investigate the fixed-time behavioral control problem for a team of second-order nonlinear agents, aiming to achieve a desired formation with collision/obstacle~avoidance. In the proposed approach, the two behaviors(tasks)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-12 Ning Zhou , Xiaodong Cheng , Zhongqi Sun , Yuanqing Xia

Learning-based approaches, such as reinforcement learning (RL) and imitation learning (IL), have indicated superiority over rule-based approaches in complex urban autonomous driving environments, showing great potential to make intelligent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Haochen Liu , Zhiyu Huang , Jingda Wu , Chen Lv

Reinforcement learning algorithms require a large amount of samples; this often limits their real-world applications on even simple tasks. Such a challenge is more outstanding in multi-agent tasks, as each step of operation is more costly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Yali Du , Chengdong Ma , Yuchen Liu , Runji Lin , Hao Dong , Jun Wang , Yaodong Yang
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