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The rapid growth of user-generated text across digital platforms has intensified the need for interpretable models capable of fine-grained text classification and explanation. Existing prototype-based models offer intuitive explanations but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Utsav Kumar Nareti , Suraj Kumar , Soumya Pandey , Soumi Chattopadhyay , Chandranath Adak , Sankha Subhra Mullick

Most sentence embedding techniques heavily rely on expensive human-annotated sentence pairs as the supervised signals. Despite the use of large-scale unlabeled data, the performance of unsupervised methods typically lags far behind that of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Yiming Chen , Yan Zhang , Bin Wang , Zuozhu Liu , Haizhou Li

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has achieved great success in leveraging a large amount of unlabeled data to learn a promising classifier. A popular approach is pseudo-labeling that generates pseudo labels only for those unlabeled data with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Qinyi Deng , Yong Guo , Zhibang Yang , Haolin Pan , Jian Chen

The advancement of deep learning has greatly improved supervised image classification. However, labeling data is costly, prompting research into unsupervised learning methods such as contrastive learning. In real-world scenarios, fully…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Shogo Nakayama , Masahiro Okuda

Given an unlabeled dataset and an annotation budget, we study how to selectively label a fixed number of instances so that semi-supervised learning (SSL) on such a partially labeled dataset is most effective. We focus on selecting the right…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Xudong Wang , Long Lian , Stella X. Yu

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has demonstrated high performance in image classification tasks by effectively utilizing both labeled and unlabeled data. However, existing SSL methods often suffer from poor calibration, with models yielding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Mehrab Mustafy Rahman , Jayanth Mohan , Tiberiu Sosea , Cornelia Caragea

Semi-supervised semantic segmentation requires the model to effectively propagate the label information from limited annotated images to unlabeled ones. A challenge for such a per-pixel prediction task is the large intra-class variation,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Hai-Ming Xu , Lingqiao Liu , Qiuchen Bian , Zhen Yang

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is a promising approach for training deep classification models using labeled and unlabeled datasets. However, existing SSL methods rely on a large unlabeled dataset, which may not always be available in many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Shin'ya Yamaguchi

Unsupervised person re-identification (Re-ID) aims to learn a feature network with cross-camera retrieval capability in unlabelled datasets. Although the pseudo-label based methods have achieved great progress in Re-ID, their performance in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Mingxiao Zheng , Yanpeng Qu , Changjing Shang , Longzhi Yang , Qiang Shen

Semi-supervised learning is attracting blooming attention, due to its success in combining unlabeled data. To mitigate potentially incorrect pseudo labels, recent frameworks mostly set a fixed confidence threshold to discard uncertain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Lihe Yang , Zhen Zhao , Lei Qi , Yu Qiao , Yinghuan Shi , Hengshuang Zhao

Current 3D semi-supervised segmentation methods face significant challenges such as limited consideration of contextual information and the inability to generate reliable pseudo-labels for effective unsupervised data use. To address these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Sanaz Karimijafarbigloo , Reza Azad , Yury Velichko , Ulas Bagci , Dorit Merhof

Recent state-of-the-art methods in semi-supervised learning (SSL) combine consistency regularization with confidence-based pseudo-labeling. To obtain high-quality pseudo-labels, a high confidence threshold is typically adopted. However, it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Zhuoran Yu , Yin Li , Yong Jae Lee

Semi-supervised anomaly detection methods leverage a few anomaly examples to yield drastically improved performance compared to unsupervised models. However, they still suffer from two limitations: 1) unlabeled anomalies (i.e., anomaly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Hongzuo Xu , Yijie Wang , Guansong Pang , Songlei Jian , Ning Liu , Yongjun Wang

Sparse coding aims to model data vectors as sparse linear combinations of basis elements, but a majority of related studies are restricted to continuous data without spatial or temporal structure. A new model-based sparse coding (MSC)…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-24 Xin Xing , Rui Xie , Wenxuan Zhong

Semi-supervised semantic segmentation involves assigning pixel-wise labels to unlabeled images at training time. This is useful in a wide range of real-world applications where collecting pixel-wise labels is not feasible in time or cost.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Jianfeng Wang , Daniela Massiceti , Xiaolin Hu , Vladimir Pavlovic , Thomas Lukasiewicz

Categories can be represented at different levels of abstraction, from prototypes focused on the most typical members to remembering all observed exemplars of the category. These representations have been explored in the context of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Liyi Zhang , Logan Nelson , Thomas L. Griffiths

To address semi-supervised learning from both labeled and unlabeled data, we present a novel meta-learning scheme. We particularly consider that labeled and unlabeled data share disjoint ground truth label sets, which can be seen tasks like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-26 Yun-Chun Chen , Chao-Te Chou , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang

Semi-supervised object detection (SSOD) based on pseudo-labeling significantly reduces dependence on large labeled datasets by effectively leveraging both labeled and unlabeled data. However, real-world applications of SSOD often face…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Moussa Kassem Sbeyti , Nadja Klein , Azarm Nowzad , Fikret Sivrikaya , Sahin Albayrak

As an effective way to alleviate the burden of data annotation, semi-supervised learning (SSL) provides an attractive solution due to its ability to leverage both labeled and unlabeled data to build a predictive model. While significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Hai-Ming Xu , Lingqiao Liu , Hao Chen , Ehsan Abbasnejad , Rafael Felix

3D Referring Expression Segmentation (3D-RES) typically requires extensive instance-level annotations, which are time-consuming and costly. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) mitigates this by using limited labeled data alongside abundant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Wenxin Chen , Mengxue Qu , Weitai Kang , Yan Yan , Yao Zhao , Yunchao Wei