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Evaluating Language Models (LMs) in specialized, high-stakes domains such as finance remains a significant challenge due to the scarcity of open, high-quality, and domain-specific datasets. Existing general-purpose benchmarks provide broad…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Glenn Matlin , Akhil Theerthala , Anant Gupta , Anirudh JM , Rayan Castilla , Yi Mei Ng , Sudheer Chava

Electronic design engineers often struggle to efficiently access relevant information for tasks like design verification and technology development. While large language models (LLMs) can enhance productivity as conversational agents,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Luyao Shi , Michael Kazda , Charles Schmitter , Hemlata Gupta

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has shown impressive capability in providing reliable answer predictions and addressing hallucination problems. A typical RAG implementation uses powerful retrieval models to extract external information…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Ziwei Liu , Liang Zhang , Qian Li , Jianghua Wu , Guangxu Zhu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge retrieved from a knowledge base. However, its effectiveness is fundamentally constrained by the reliability of both the retriever…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Yiteng Tu , Weihang Su , Yujia Zhou , Yiqun Liu , Qingyao Ai

Deep learning malware detectors achieve high classification accuracy but suffer from severe interpretability limitations, typically returning probabilistic verdicts that lack forensic context. We introduce AsmRAG, a framework performing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 ElMouatez Billah Karbab

Efficiently processing and interpreting network data is critical for the operation of increasingly complex networks. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLM) and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) techniques have improved data…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Amar Abane , Anis Bekri , Abdella Battou , Saddek Bensalem

The rapid advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have unlocked transformative possibilities in natural language processing, particularly within the financial sector. Financial data is often embedded in intricate relationships across…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-05-21 Alejandro Lopez-Lira , Jihoon Kwon , Sangwoon Yoon , Jy-yong Sohn , Chanyeol Choi

Nowadays, Large Language Models (LLMs) are foundational components of modern software systems. As their influence grows, concerns about fairness have become increasingly pressing. Prior work has proposed metamorphic testing to detect…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Alessandra Parziale , Gianmario Voria , Valeria Pontillo , Gemma Catolino , Andrea De Lucia , Fabio Palomba

Large language models (LLMs) often struggle with knowledge-intensive tasks due to hallucinations and outdated parametric knowledge. While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this by integrating external corpora, its effectiveness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Su Dong , Qinggang Zhang , Yilin Xiao , Shengyuan Chen , Chuang Zhou , Xiao Huang

Current financial large language models (FinLLMs) struggle with two critical limitations: the absence of objective evaluation metrics to assess the quality of stock analysis reports and a lack of depth in stock analysis, which impedes their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Shijie Han , Jingshu Zhang , Yiqing Shen , Kaiyuan Yan , Hongguang Li

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong semantic understanding, yet struggle when user instructions involve ambiguous or conceptually misaligned terms. We propose the Language Graph Model (LGM) to enhance conceptual clarity by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Wenchang Lei , Ping Zou , Yue Wang , Feng Sun , Lei Zhao

Graph fraud detection has long depended on Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to propagate and aggregate information across relational data. A critical obstacle in practice, however, is that fraudsters frequently disguise themselves by forging…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jinsheng Guo , Zhenhao Weng , Yibo Liu , Yan Qiao , Meng Li

Financial sectors are rapidly adopting language model technologies, yet evaluating specialized RAG systems in this domain remains challenging. This paper introduces SMARTFinRAG, addressing three critical gaps in financial RAG assessment:…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Yiwei Zha

The increasing use of large language models (LLMs) in causal discovery as a substitute for human domain experts highlights the need for optimal model selection. This paper presents the first hallucination survey of popular LLMs for causal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Grace Sng , Yanming Zhang , Klaus Mueller

Reliable data quality is crucial for downstream analysis of tabular datasets, yet rule-based validation often struggles with inefficiency, human intervention, and high computational costs. We present a three-stage framework that combines…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Ashlesha Akella , Akshar Kaul , Krishnasuri Narayanam , Sameep Mehta

Fraudulent transactions and how to detect them remain a significant problem for financial institutions around the world. The need for advanced fraud detection systems to safeguard assets and maintain customer trust is paramount for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Tomisin Awosika , Raj Mani Shukla , Bernardi Pranggono

There are two common ways in which developers are incorporating proprietary and domain-specific data when building applications of Large Language Models (LLMs): Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and Fine-Tuning. RAG augments the prompt…

The hallucination issue is recognized as a fundamental deficiency of large language models (LLMs), especially when applied to fields such as finance, education, and law. Despite the growing concerns, there has been a lack of empirical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Haoqiang Kang , Xiao-Yang Liu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have experienced rapid development in recent years. However, in the financial domain, there is a notable lack of effective and specialized multimodal evaluation datasets. To advance the development…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Junyu Luo , Zhizhuo Kou , Liming Yang , Xiao Luo , Jinsheng Huang , Zhiping Xiao , Jingshu Peng , Chengzhong Liu , Jiaming Ji , Xuanzhe Liu , Sirui Han , Ming Zhang , Yike Guo

Online transaction fraud presents substantial challenges to businesses and consumers, risking significant financial losses. Conventional rule-based systems struggle to keep pace with evolving fraud tactics, leading to high false positive…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-02-20 Catayoun Azarm , Erman Acar , Mickey van Zeelt