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Recent developments in domains such as non-local games, quantum interactive proofs, and quantum generative adversarial networks have renewed interest in quantum game theory and, specifically, quantum zero-sum games. Central to classical…

We consider a general-sum N-player linear-quadratic game with stochastic dynamics over a finite horizon and prove the global convergence of the natural policy gradient method to the Nash equilibrium. In order to prove the convergence of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-08-16 Ben Hambly , Renyuan Xu , Huining Yang

Finding approximate Nash equilibria in zero-sum imperfect-information games is challenging when the number of information states is large. Policy Space Response Oracles (PSRO) is a deep reinforcement learning algorithm grounded in game…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-22 Stephen McAleer , John Lanier , Roy Fox , Pierre Baldi

This paper makes progress towards learning Nash equilibria in two-player zero-sum Markov games from offline data. Specifically, consider a $\gamma$-discounted infinite-horizon Markov game with $S$ states, where the max-player has $A$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yuling Yan , Gen Li , Yuxin Chen , Jianqing Fan

In this tutorial, we provide an introduction to machine learning methods for finding Nash equilibria in games with large number of agents. These types of problems are important for the operations research community because of their…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-18 Gokce Dayanikli , Mathieu Lauriere

In this letter, we study dynamic game optimal control with imperfect state observations and introduce an iterative method to find a local Nash equilibrium. The algorithm consists of an iterative procedure combining a backward recursion…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-24 Armand Jordana , Bilal Hammoud , Justin Carpentier , Ludovic Righetti

Game theory is a very profound study on distributed decision-making behavior and has been extensively developed by many scholars. However, many existing works rely on certain strict assumptions such as knowing the opponent's private…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Kuo Chun Tsai , Zhu Han

Learning in stochastic games is a notoriously difficult problem because, in addition to each other's strategic decisions, the players must also contend with the fact that the game itself evolves over time, possibly in a very complicated…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Angeliki Giannou , Kyriakos Lotidis , Panayotis Mertikopoulos , Emmanouil-Vasileios Vlatakis-Gkaragkounis

We consider payoff-based learning of a generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) in multi-agent systems. Our focus is on games with jointly convex constraints of a linear structure and strongly monotone pseudo-gradients. We present a convergent…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-18 Tatiana Tatarenko , Maryam Kamgarpour

Is there an algorithm that takes a game in normal form as input, and outputs a Nash equilibrium? If the payoffs are integers, the answer is yes, and lot of work has been done in its computational complexity. If the payoffs are permitted to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Tonicha Crook , Arno Pauly

Two-player complete-information game trees are perhaps the simplest possible setting for studying general-sum games and the computational problem of finding equilibria. These games admit a simple bottom-up algorithm for finding subgame…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-07-02 Michael L. Littman , Nishkam Ravi , Arjun Talwar , Martin Zinkevich

This paper considers the problem of inverse reinforcement learning in zero-sum stochastic games when expert demonstrations are known to be not optimal. Compared to previous works that decouple agents in the game by assuming optimality in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-07 Xingyu Wang , Diego Klabjan

Second-order methods are provably faster than first-order methods, and their efficient implementations for large-scale optimization problems have attracted significant attention. Yet, optimization problems in ML often have nonsmooth…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Amal Alphonse , Pavel Dvurechensky , Clemens Sirotenko

In this paper, we study nonzero-sum separable games, which are continuous games whose payoffs take a sum-of-products form. Included in this subclass are all finite games and polynomial games. We investigate the structure of equilibria in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2010-04-26 Noah D. Stein , Asuman Ozdaglar , Pablo A. Parrilo

Nash equilibria are crucial for understanding game behavior and systems in economics, physics, biology, and computer science. A significant application arises from the connection between Nash equilibria and optimization problems . However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 Giovanni Ferrannini , Dario di Gregorio , Federico Fissore

Subgame solving is a technique for scaling algorithms to large games by locally refining a precomputed blueprint strategy during gameplay. While straightforward in perfect-information games where search starts from the current state,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Ondrej Kubicek , Viliam Lisy , Tuomas Sandholm

We give a simple proof of the well-known result that the marginal strategies of a coarse correlated equilibrium form a Nash equilibrium in two-player zero-sum games. A corollary of this fact is that no-external-regret learning algorithms…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Revan MacQueen

Multi-time scale techniques, such as singular perturbations and averaging theory, have played an essential role in the development of distributed Nash equilibrium-seeking algorithms for network systems. Such techniques intrinsically rely on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-12-07 Daniel E. Ochoa , Jorge I. Poveda

In this paper, a multi-cluster game with high-order players is investigated. Different from the well-known multi-cluster games, the dynamics of players are taken into account in our problem. Due to the high-order dynamics of players,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-28 Zhenhua Deng , Yangyang Liu

A common strategy for solving an unconstrained two-player Nash equilibrium problem with continuous variables is applying Newton's method to the system of nonlinear equations obtained by the corresponding first-order necessary optimality…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-03 Oliver Kolossoski , Luís Felipe Bueno , Gabriel Haeser