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We present approximation theories and efficient training methods for derivative-informed Fourier neural operators (DIFNOs) with applications to PDE-constrained optimization. A DIFNO is an FNO trained by minimizing its prediction error…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Boyuan Yao , Dingcheng Luo , Lianghao Cao , Nikola Kovachki , Thomas O'Leary-Roseberry , Omar Ghattas

Conditional generative modeling aims to learn a conditional data distribution from samples containing data-condition pairs. For this, diffusion and flow-based methods have attained compelling results. These methods use a learned (flow)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Chen Chen , Pengsheng Guo , Liangchen Song , Jiasen Lu , Rui Qian , Xinze Wang , Tsu-Jui Fu , Wei Liu , Yinfei Yang , Alex Schwing

Recent advancements in operator-type neural networks have shown promising results in approximating the solutions of spatiotemporal Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). However, these neural networks often entail considerable training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Shuhao Cao , Francesco Brarda , Ruipeng Li , Yuanzhe Xi

The modeling and control of single-phase flow systems governed by Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) present challenges, especially under transient conditions. In this work, we extend the Physics-Informed Neural Nets for Control (PINC)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Luis Kin Miyatake , Eduardo Camponogara , Eric Aislan Antonelo , Alexey Pavlov

Non-convex AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) is a fundamental optimization problem in power system analysis. The computational complexity of conventional solvers is typically high and not suitable for large-scale networks in real-time…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-09 Kejun Chen , Shourya Bose , Yu Zhang

Operator learning is a recent development in the simulation of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) by means of neural networks. The idea behind this approach is to learn the behavior of an operator, such that the resulting neural network…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-15 Ahmed Abdeljawad , Thomas Dittrich

Neural operators have recently grown in popularity as Partial Differential Equation (PDE) surrogate models. Learning solution functionals, rather than functions, has proven to be a powerful approach to calculate fast, accurate solutions to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Cooper Lorsung , Amir Barati Farimani

Diffusion probabilistic models have shown impressive performance for speech enhancement, but they typically require 25 to 60 function evaluations in the inference phase, resulting in heavy computational complexity. Recently, a fine-tuning…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-12 Seonggyu Lee , Sein Cheong , Sangwook Han , Jong Won Shin

We propose Functional Flow Matching (FFM), a function-space generative model that generalizes the recently-introduced Flow Matching model to operate in infinite-dimensional spaces. Our approach works by first defining a path of probability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Gavin Kerrigan , Giosue Migliorini , Padhraic Smyth

This work presents a finite element-guided physics-informed operator learning framework for multiphysics problems with coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) on arbitrary domains. The proposed framework learns an operator from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yusuke Yamazaki , Reza Najian Asl , Markus Apel , Mayu Muramatsu , Shahed Rezaei

Recent work on Path-Dependent Partial Differential Equations (PPDEs) has shown that PPDE solutions can be approximated by a probabilistic representation, implemented in the literature by the estimation of conditional expectations using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Jiang Yu Nguwi , Nicolas Privault

Fast flow models accelerate the iterative sampling process by learning to directly predict ODE path integrals, enabling one-step or few-step generation. However, we argue that current fast-flow training paradigms suffer from two fundamental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Tianyi Zhang , Chengcheng Liu , Jinwei Chen , Chun-Le Guo , Chongyi Li , Ming-Ming Cheng , Bo Li , Peng-Tao Jiang

This paper presents a novel framework for aligning learnable latent spaces to arbitrary target distributions by leveraging flow-based generative models as priors. Our method first pretrains a flow model on the target features to capture the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yizhuo Li , Yuying Ge , Yixiao Ge , Ying Shan , Ping Luo

Artificial intelligence (AI) shows great potential to reduce the huge cost of solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, it is not fully realized in practice as neural networks are defined and trained on fixed domains and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Hongyu Li , Ximeng Ye , Peng Jiang , Guoliang Qin , Tiejun Wang

Reconstructing high-fidelity fluid flow fields from sparse sensor measurements is vital for many science and engineering applications but remains challenging because of dimensional disparities between state and observational spaces. Due to…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-12-11 Hiep Vo Dang , Phong C. H. Nguyen

Neural Operators (NOs) are a leading method for surrogate modeling of partial differential equations. Unlike traditional neural networks, which approximate individual functions, NOs learn the mappings between function spaces. While NOs have…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-08-01 Keith Poletti , Stella S. R. Offner , Rachel A. Ward

Neural operators have been validated as promising deep surrogate models for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). Despite the critical role of boundary conditions in PDEs, however, only a limited number of neural operators robustly…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-12-13 Ziyuan Liu , Yuhang Wu , Daniel Zhengyu Huang , Hong Zhang , Xu Qian , Songhe Song

Neural networks are one tool for approximating non-linear differential equations used in scientific computing tasks such as surrogate modeling, real-time predictions, and optimal control. PDE foundation models utilize neural networks to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Elisa Negrini , Yuxuan Liu , Liu Yang , Stanley J. Osher , Hayden Schaeffer

Enhancing the efficiency of high-quality image generation using Diffusion Models (DMs) is a significant challenge due to the iterative nature of the process. Flow Matching (FM) is emerging as a powerful generative modeling paradigm based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Pascal Zwick , Nils Friederich , Maximilian Beichter , Lennart Hilbert , Ralf Mikut , Oliver Bringmann

Generative modeling provides a powerful framework for learning data distributions. These models initially relied on probabilistic methods such as Gaussian Processes (GP) for uncertainty-aware predictions and shifted towards larger trainable…