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Large language models (LLMs) have made significant progress in natural language processing tasks and demonstrate considerable potential in the legal domain. However, legal applications demand high standards of accuracy, reliability, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Haitao Li , You Chen , Qingyao Ai , Yueyue Wu , Ruizhe Zhang , Yiqun Liu

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have led to substantial progress in domain-specific applications, particularly within the legal domain. However, general-purpose models such as GPT-4 often struggle with specialized subdomains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Zixun Lan , Maochun Xu , Yifan Ren , Rui Wu , Jianghui Zhou , Xueyang Cheng , Jianan Ding Ding , Xinheng Wang , Mingmin Chi , Fei Ma

While large language models (LLMs) have showcased impressive capabilities, they struggle with addressing legal queries due to the intricate complexities and specialized expertise required in the legal field. In this paper, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Zhiwei Fei , Songyang Zhang , Xiaoyu Shen , Dawei Zhu , Xiao Wang , Maosong Cao , Fengzhe Zhou , Yining Li , Wenwei Zhang , Dahua Lin , Kai Chen , Jidong Ge

General and legal domain LLMs have demonstrated strong performance in various tasks of LegalAI. However, the current evaluations of these LLMs in LegalAI are defined by the experts of computer science, lacking consistency with the logic of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Yongfu Dai , Duanyu Feng , Jimin Huang , Haochen Jia , Qianqian Xie , Yifang Zhang , Weiguang Han , Wei Tian , Hao Wang

Domain-Specific Chinese Relation Extraction (DSCRE) aims to extract relations between entities from domain-specific Chinese text. Despite the rapid development of PLMs in recent years, especially LLMs, DSCRE still faces three core…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Zhengpeng Shi , Haoran Luo

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly tasked with analyzing legal texts and citing relevant statutes, yet their reliability is often compromised by general pre-training that ingests legal texts without specialized focus, obscuring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Xinzhe Xu , Liang Zhao , Hongshen Xu , Chen Chen

In this report, we introduce our first-generation reasoning model, LexPro-1.0, a large language model designed for the highly specialized Chinese legal domain, offering comprehensive capabilities to meet diverse realistic needs. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Haotian Chen , Yanyu Xu , Boyan Wang , Chaoyue Zhao , Xiaoyu Han , Fang Wang , Lizhen Cui , Yonghui Xu

Legal artificial intelligence (LegalAI) aims to benefit legal systems with the technology of artificial intelligence, especially natural language processing (NLP). Recently, inspired by the success of pre-trained language models (PLMs) in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Chaojun Xiao , Xueyu Hu , Zhiyuan Liu , Cunchao Tu , Maosong Sun

Legal reasoning is a fundamental component of legal analysis and decision-making. Existing computational approaches to legal reasoning predominantly rely on generic reasoning frameworks such as syllogism, which do not comprehensively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Huiyuan Xie , Chenyang Li , Huining Zhu , Chubin Zhang , Yuxiao Ye , Zhenghao Liu , Zhiyuan Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising technology for legal document consultation, yet its application in Chinese legal scenarios faces two key limitations: existing benchmarks lack specialized support for joint…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yaocong Li , Qiang Lan , Leihan Zhang , Le Zhang

Traditional legal retrieval systems designed to retrieve legal documents, statutes, precedents, and other legal information are unable to give satisfactory answers due to lack of semantic understanding of specific questions. Large Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Nan Xie , Yuelin Bai , Hengyuan Gao , Feiteng Fang , Qixuan Zhao , Zhijian Li , Ziqiang Xue , Liang Zhu , Shiwen Ni , Min Yang

Legal Case Retrieval (LCR), which retrieves relevant cases from a query case, is a fundamental task for legal professionals in research and decision-making. However, existing studies on LCR face two major limitations. First, they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Chaeeun Kim , Jinu Lee , Wonseok Hwang

Legal general intelligence (GI) refers to artificial intelligence (AI) that encompasses legal understanding, reasoning, and decision-making, simulating the expertise of legal experts across domains. However, existing benchmarks are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Wenjin Liu , Haoran Luo , Xin Feng , Xiang Ji , Lijuan Zhou , Rui Mao , Jiapu Wang , Shirui Pan , Erik Cambria

With the increasing intelligence and autonomy of LLM agents, their potential applications in the legal domain are becoming increasingly apparent. However, existing general-domain benchmarks cannot fully capture the complexity and subtle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Haitao Li , Junjie Chen , Jingli Yang , Qingyao Ai , Wei Jia , Youfeng Liu , Kai Lin , Yueyue Wu , Guozhi Yuan , Yiran Hu , Wuyue Wang , Yiqun Liu , Minlie Huang

Legal rules encompass not only codified statutes but also implicit adjudicatory principles derived from precedents that contain discretionary norms, social morality, and policy. While computational legal research has advanced in applying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Wei Fan , Tianshi Zheng , Yiran Hu , Zheye Deng , Weiqi Wang , Baixuan Xu , Chunyang Li , Haoran Li , Weixing Shen , Yangqiu Song

Legal claims refer to the plaintiff's demands in a case and are essential to guiding judicial reasoning and case resolution. While many works have focused on improving the efficiency of legal professionals, the research on helping…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Siying Zhou , Yiquan Wu , Hui Chen , Xavier Hu , Kun Kuang , Adam Jatowt , Ming Hu , Chunyan Zheng , Fei Wu

Large language models (LLMs), including both proprietary and open-source models, have showcased remarkable capabilities in addressing a wide range of downstream tasks. Nonetheless, when it comes to practical Chinese legal tasks, these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Zhi Zhou , Jiang-Xin Shi , Peng-Xiao Song , Xiao-Wen Yang , Yi-Xuan Jin , Lan-Zhe Guo , Yu-Feng Li

Legal case documents play a critical role in judicial proceedings. As the number of cases continues to rise, the reliance on manual drafting of legal case documents is facing increasing pressure and challenges. The development of large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Haitao Li , Jiaying Ye , Yiran Hu , Jia Chen , Qingyao Ai , Yueyue Wu , Junjie Chen , Yifan Chen , Cheng Luo , Quan Zhou , Yiqun Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the development of Legal Artificial Intelligence (Legal AI) in recent years, enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of legal tasks. To advance research and applications of LLM-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Zhitian Hou , Zihan Ye , Nanli Zeng , Tianyong Hao , Kun Zeng

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning abilities across specialized domains, motivating research into their application to legal reasoning. However, existing legal benchmarks often conflate factual recall with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Wenhan Yu , Xinbo Lin , Lanxin Ni , Jinhua Cheng , Lei Sha
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