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The development of Kolmogorov-Arnold networks (KANs) marks a significant shift from traditional multi-layer perceptrons in deep learning. Initially, KANs employed B-spline curves as their primary basis function, but their inherent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Alireza Afzal Aghaei

Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs) have very recently been introduced into the world of machine learning, quickly capturing the attention of the entire community. However, KANs have mostly been tested for approximating complex functions or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Eleonora Poeta , Flavio Giobergia , Eliana Pastor , Tania Cerquitelli , Elena Baralis

Transformers stand as the cornerstone of mordern deep learning. Traditionally, these models rely on multi-layer perceptron (MLP) layers to mix the information between channels. In this paper, we introduce the Kolmogorov-Arnold Transformer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Xingyi Yang , Xinchao Wang

Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KAN) offer universal function approximation using univariate spline compositions without nonlinear activations. In this work, we integrate Error-Correcting Output Codes (ECOC) into the KAN framework to transform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Youngjoon Lee , Jinu Gong , Joonhyuk Kang

The Kolmogorov-Arnold representation theorem states that any continuous multivariable function can be exactly represented as a finite superposition of continuous single variable functions. Subsequent simplifications of this representation…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-04 Sergei Gleyzer , Hanh Nguyen , Dinesh P. Ramakrishnan , Eric A. F. Reinhardt

In this work, we explore the use of a novel neural network architecture, the Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs) as feature extractors for sensor-based (specifically IMU) Human Activity Recognition (HAR). Where conventional networks perform a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Mengxi Liu , Daniel Geißler , Dominique Nshimyimana , Sizhen Bian , Bo Zhou , Paul Lukowicz

Kolmogorov Arnold Networks (KANs) represent a new class of neural architectures that replace conventional linear transformations and node-based nonlinearities with spline-based function approximations distributed along network edges.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Kazi Ahmed Asif Fuad , Lizhong Chen

The Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been the dominant and effective approach for general computer vision tasks. Recently, Kolmogorov-Arnold neural networks (KANs), based on the Kolmogorov-Arnold representation theorem, have shown…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zhaoxiang Liu , Zhicheng Ma , Kaikai Zhao , Kai Wang , Shiguo Lian

While accurate, black-box system identification models lack interpretability of the underlying system dynamics. This paper proposes State-Space Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (SS-KAN) to address this challenge by integrating Kolmogorov-Arnold…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Gonçalo Granjal Cruz , Balazs Renczes , Mark C Runacres , Jan Decuyper

In this work we propose CVKAN, a complex-valued Kolmogorov-Arnold Network (KAN), to join the intrinsic interpretability of KANs and the advantages of Complex-Valued Neural Networks (CVNNs). We show how to transfer a KAN and the necessary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Matthias Wolff , Florian Eilers , Xiaoyi Jiang

Hybrid constitutive modeling integrates two complementary approaches for describing and predicting a material's mechanical behavior: purely data-driven black-box methods and physically constrained, theory-based models. While black-box…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-02-28 Kian P. Abdolazizi , Roland C. Aydin , Christian J. Cyron , Kevin Linka

Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), as a simple yet powerful model, continues to be widely used in classification and regression tasks. However, traditional MLPs often struggle to efficiently capture nonlinear relationships in load data when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Yizhou Ma , Zhuoqin Yang , Luis-Daniel Ibáñez

Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs) have recently shown promise for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). Yet their original formulation is computationally and memory intensive, motivating the introduction of Chebyshev Type-I-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Hangwei Zhang , Zhimu Huang , Yan Wang

In the realm of intelligent education, cognitive diagnosis plays a crucial role in subsequent recommendation tasks attributed to the revealed students' proficiency in knowledge concepts. Although neural network-based neural cognitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Shangshang Yang , Linrui Qin , Xiaoshan Yu

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have become a popular and powerful framework for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), leveraging neural networks to approximate solutions while embedding PDE constraints, boundary…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Zijuan Xin , Chenyao Wang , Feng Shi , Yizhong Sun

Although Kolmogorov-Arnold-based interpretable networks (KANs) possess strong theoretical expressiveness, they suffer from severe parameter explosion and limited ability to capture high-frequency features in high-dimensional tasks. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jusheng Zhang , Yijia Fan , Kaitong Cai , Keze Wang , Wenhao Wang

This work introduces Probabilistic Kolmogorov-Arnold Network (P-KAN), a novel probabilistic extension of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs) for time series forecasting. By replacing scalar weights with spline-based functional connections and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Cristian J. Vaca-Rubio , Roberto Pereira , Luis Blanco , Engin Zeydan , Màrius Caus

This study explores the application of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs) in predicting nuclear binding energies, leveraging their ability to decompose complex multi-parameter systems into simpler univariate functions. By utilizing data from…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-02-10 Hao Liu , Jin Lei , Zhongzhou Ren

Data-driven model discovery of complex dynamical systems is typically done using sparse optimization, but it has a fundamental limitation: sparsity in that the underlying governing equations of the system contain only a small number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Mohammadamin Moradi , Shirin Panahi , Erik M. Bollt , Ying-Cheng Lai

Deeply stacked KANs are practically impossible due to high training difficulties and substantial memory requirements. Consequently, existing studies can only incorporate few KAN layers, hindering the comprehensive exploration of KANs. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Xingyu Qiu , Xinghua Ma , Dong Liang , Gongning Luo , Wei Wang , Kuanquan Wang , Shuo Li
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