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Dealing with tabular data is challenging due to partial information, noise, and heterogeneous structure. Existing techniques often struggle to simultaneously address key aspects of tabular data such as textual information, a variable number…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Wei Min Loh , Jiaqi Shang , Pascal Poupart

There is an increasing interest in the application of deep learning architectures to tabular data. One of the state-of-the-art solutions is TabTransformer which incorporates an attention mechanism to better track relationships between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Radostin Cholakov , Todor Kolev

Relational databases, organized into tables connected by primary-foreign key relationships, are a common format for organizing data. Making predictions on relational data often involves transforming them into a flat tabular format through…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Veronica Lachi , Antonio Longa , Beatrice Bevilacqua , Bruno Lepri , Andrea Passerini , Bruno Ribeiro

We present TabH2O, a foundation model for tabular data that performs classification and regression in a single forward pass via in-context learning. TabH2O builds on the TabICL architecture with several key modifications: (1) unified…

Tabular data prediction (TDP) is one of the most popular industrial applications, and various methods have been designed to improve the prediction performance. However, existing works mainly focus on feature interactions and ignore sample…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Xiawei Guo , Yuhan Quan , Huan Zhao , Quanming Yao , Yong Li , Weiwei Tu

Prior-Fitted Networks (PFNs) have recently been proposed to efficiently perform tabular classification tasks. Although they achieve good performance on small datasets, they encounter limitations with larger datasets. These limitations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yuxin Wang , Botian Jiang , Yiran Guo , Quan Gan , David Wipf , Xuanjing Huang , Xipeng Qiu

Foundation models for tabular data, such as the Tabular Prior-data Fitted Network (TabPFN), are pre-trained on a massive number of synthetic datasets generated by structural causal models (SCM). They leverage in-context learning to offer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Qinyi Liu , Mohammad Khalil , Naman Goel

Tabular language models can generate synthetic tables by modeling rows as token sequences, but they are typically trained once with supervised fine-tuning and then used as static synthesizers. This is limiting because next-token likelihood…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yunbo Long , Tejumade Afonja , Guangya Hao , Alexandra Brintrup , Mario Fritz

Handling heterogeneous data in tabular datasets poses a significant challenge for deep learning models. While attention-based architectures and self-supervised learning have achieved notable success, their application to tabular data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Anay Majee , Maria Xenochristou , Wei-Peng Chen

Tabular data serves as the backbone of modern data analysis and scientific research. While Large Language Models (LLMs) fine-tuned via Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) have significantly improved natural language interaction with such…

Tabular data underpins most high-value prediction problems in science and industry, and TabPFN has driven the foundation model revolution for this modality. Designed with feedback from our users, TabPFN-3 builds on this foundation to scale…

Tabular foundation models, such as TabPFNv2 and TabICL, have recently dethroned gradient-boosted trees at the top of predictive benchmarks, demonstrating the value of in-context learning for tabular data. We introduce TabICLv2, a new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Jingang Qu , David Holzmüller , Gaël Varoquaux , Marine Le Morvan

Deep learning models for tabular data typically do not allow for imposing a graph of external dependencies between samples, which can be useful for accounting for relatedness in tasks such as treatment effect estimation. Graph neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Andrei V. Konstantinov , Valerii A. Zuev , Lev V. Utkin

Foundation models pretrained on large data have demonstrated remarkable zero-shot generalization capabilities across domains. Building on the success of TabPFN for tabular data and its recent extension to time series, we investigate whether…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Jeongwhan Choi , Woosung Kang , Minseo Kim , Jongwoo Kim , Noseong Park

Many real-world applications of tabular data involve using historic events to predict properties of new ones, for example whether a credit card transaction is fraudulent or what rating a customer will assign a product on a retail platform.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Alex Stein , Samuel Sharpe , Doron Bergman , Senthil Kumar , C. Bayan Bruss , John Dickerson , Tom Goldstein , Micah Goldblum

Tabular neural network (NN) has attracted remarkable attentions and its recent advances have gradually narrowed the performance gap with respect to tree-based models on many public datasets. While the mainstreams focus on calibrating NN to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Xuan Li , Yun Wang , Bo Li

We argue that Transformers are essentially graph-to-graph models, with sequences just being a special case. Attention weights are functionally equivalent to graph edges. Our Graph-to-Graph Transformer architecture makes this ability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 James Henderson , Alireza Mohammadshahi , Andrei C. Coman , Lesly Miculicich

Tabular foundation models such as TabPFN have revolutionized predictive machine learning for tabular data. At the same time, the driving factors of this revolution are hard to understand. Existing open-source tabular foundation models are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Alexander Pfefferle , Johannes Hog , Lennart Purucker , Frank Hutter

Recent deep learning models for tabular data currently compete with the traditional ML models based on decision trees (GBDT). Unlike GBDT, deep models can additionally benefit from pretraining, which is a workhorse of DL for vision and NLP.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Ivan Rubachev , Artem Alekberov , Yury Gorishniy , Artem Babenko

Machine learning models exhibit strong performance on datasets with abundant labeled samples. However, for tabular datasets with extremely high $d$-dimensional features but limited $n$ samples (i.e. $d \gg n$), machine learning models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Camilo Ruiz , Hongyu Ren , Kexin Huang , Jure Leskovec