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Count-Min Sketch is a widely adopted algorithm for approximate event counting in large scale processing. However, the original version of the Count-Min-Sketch (CMS) suffers of some deficiences, especially if one is interested by the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2015-02-18 Guillaume Pitel , Geoffroy Fouquier

Frequency estimation data structures such as the count-min sketch (CMS) have found numerous applications in databases, networking, computational biology and other domains. Many applications that use the count-min sketch process massive and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Mayank Goswami , Dzejla Medjedovic , Emina Mekic , Prashant Pandey

Count-Min Sketch with Conservative Updates (CMS-CU) is a memory-efficient hash-based data structure used to estimate the occurrences of items within a data stream. CMS-CU stores $m$ counters and employs $d$ hash functions to map items to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Younes Ben Mazziane , Othmane Marfoq

The count-min sketch (CMS) is a randomized data structure that provides estimates of tokens' frequencies in a large data stream using a compressed representation of the data by random hashing. In this paper, we rely on a recent Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-12 Emanuele Dolera , Stefano Favaro , Stefano Peluchetti

The Count-Min Sketch is a widely adopted structure for approximate event counting in large scale processing. In a previous work we improved the original version of the Count-Min-Sketch (CMS) with conservative update using approximate…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-06-16 Guillaume Pitel , Geoffroy Fouquier , Emmanuel Marchand , Abdul Mouhamadsultane

Count-Min Sketch with Conservative Updates (CMS-CU) is a popular algorithm to approximately count items' appearances in a data stream. Despite CMS-CU's widespread adoption, the theoretical analysis of its performance is still wanting…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Younes Ben Mazziane , Sara Alouf , Giovanni Neglia

Demands are increasing to measure per-flow statistics in the data plane of high-speed switches. Measuring flows with exact counting is infeasible due to processing and memory constraints, but a sketch is a promising candidate for collecting…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-11-05 SunYoung Kim , Changhun Jung , RhongHo Jang , David Mohaisen , DaeHun Nyang

Network stream mining is fundamental to many network operations. Sketches, as compact data structures that offer low memory overhead with bounded accuracy, have emerged as a promising solution for network stream mining. Recent studies…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Yuanpeng Li , Zhen Xu , Zongwei Lv , Yannan Hu , Yong Cui , Tong Yang

This paper identifies that a group of latest locally-differentially-private (LDP) algorithms for frequency estimation, including all the Hadamard-matrix-based algorithms, are equivalent to the private Count-Mean Sketch (CMS) algorithm with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Mingen Pan

The count-min sketch (CMS) is a time and memory efficient randomized data structure that provides estimates of tokens' frequencies in a data stream of tokens, i.e. point queries, based on random hashed data. A learning-augmented version of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-09-14 Emanuele Dolera , Stefano Favaro , Stefano Peluchetti

The Count-Min sketch is an important and well-studied data summarization method. It allows one to estimate the count of any item in a stream using a small, fixed size data sketch. However, the accuracy of the sketch depends on…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-11-13 Daniel Ting

Estimating the frequency of items on the high-volume, fast data stream has been extensively studied in many areas, such as database and network measurement. Traditional sketches provide only coarse estimates under strict memory constraints.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Xinyu Yuan , Yan Qiao , Meng Li , Zhenchun Wei , Cuiying Feng , Zonghui Wang , Wenzhi Chen

To approximate sums of values in key-value data streams, sketches are widely used in databases and networking systems. They offer high-confidence approximations for any given key while ensuring low time and space overhead. While existing…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Yuhan Wu , Hanbo Wu , Xilai Liu , Yikai Zhao , Tong Yang , Kaicheng Yang , Sha Wang , Lihua Miao , Gaogang Xie

The rapid growth of large language models (LLMs) has outpaced the memory constraints of edge devices, necessitating extreme weight compression beyond the 1-bit limit. While quantization reduces model size, it is fundamentally limited to 1…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Sunan Zou , Ziyun Zhang , Xueting Sun , Guojie Luo

Count-sketch is a popular matrix sketching algorithm that can produce a sketch of an input data matrix X in O(nnz(X))time where nnz(X) denotes the number of non-zero entries in X. The sketched matrix will be much smaller than X while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Yuhan Wang , Zijian Lei , Liang Lan

The Lloyd-Max algorithm is a classical approach to perform K-means clustering. Unfortunately, its cost becomes prohibitive as the training dataset grows large. We propose a compressive version of K-means (CKM), that estimates cluster…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-13 Nicolas Keriven , Nicolas Tremblay , Yann Traonmilin , Rémi Gribonval

\begin{abstract} The frequencies of the elements in a data stream are an important statistical measure and the task of estimating them arises in many applications within data analysis and machine learning. Two of the most popular algorithms…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-08-12 Anders Aamand , Piotr Indyk , Ali Vakilian

Structured high-cardinality data arises in many domains, and poses a major challenge for both modeling and inference. Graphical models are a popular approach to modeling structured data but they are unsuitable for high-cardinality…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-07-19 Branislav Kveton , Hung Bui , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh , Georgios Theocharous , S. Muthukrishnan , Siqi Sun

Modern data stream applications demand memory-efficient solutions for accurately tracking frequent items, such as heavy hitters and heavy changers, under strict resource constraints. Traditional sketches face inherent accuracy-memory…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zicang Xu , Yuxuan Tian , Yuhan Wu , Tong Yang

Recent work has explored transforming data sets into smaller, approximate summaries in order to scale Bayesian inference. We examine a related problem in which the parameters of a Bayesian model are very large and expensive to store in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-03 Joseph Tassarotti , Jean-Baptiste Tristan , Michael Wick
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