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Thanks to rapid progress in artificial intelligence, we have entered an era when technology and philosophy intersect in interesting ways. Sitting squarely at the centre of this intersection are large language models (LLMs). The more adept…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Murray Shanahan

Large language models (LLMs) are widely described as artificial intelligence, yet their epistemic profile diverges sharply from human cognition. Here we show that the apparent alignment between human and machine outputs conceals a deeper…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Walter Quattrociocchi , Valerio Capraro , Matjaž Perc

This study explores how discussing metaphors for AI can help build awareness of the frames that shape our understanding of AI systems, particularly large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT. Given the pressing need to teach "critical AI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Anuj Gupta , Yasser Atef , Anna Mills , Maha Bali

Contemporary conversational AI systems based on large language models (LLMs) can engage users on a wide variety of topics, including philosophy, spirituality, and religion. Suitably prompted, LLMs can be coaxed into discussing such…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Murray Shanahan , Beth Singler

As large language models (LLMs) become integrated into everyday and high-stakes decision-making, they inherit the ambiguity and biases of human language. While they produce fluent and coherent outputs, they rely on statistical pattern…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Rikard Rosenbacke , Carl Rosenbacke , Victor Rosenbacke , Martin McKee

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in processing extensive offline datasets. However, they often face challenges in acquiring and integrating complex, knowledge online. Traditional AI training paradigms,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Sabrina Patania , Luca Annese , Cansu Koyuturk , Azzurra Ruggeri , Dimitri Ognibene

Large language model (LLM)-based conversational AI systems present a challenge to human cognition that current frameworks for understanding misinformation and persuasion do not adequately address. This paper proposes that a significant…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Andrew D. Maynard

Recent publications explore AI biases in detecting objects and people in the environment. However, there is no research tackling how AI examines nature. This case study presents a pioneering exploration into the AI attitudes (ecocentric,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Isabelle Hupont , Marina Wainer , Sam Nester , Sylvie Tissot , Lucía Iglesias-Blanco , Sandra Baldassarri

People navigate complex environments using cues, heuristics, and other strategies, which are often adaptive in stable settings. However, as AI increasingly permeates society's information environments, those become more adaptive and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez , Christoph M. Abels , Philipp Lorenz-Spreen , Stephan Lewandowsky , Stefan M. Herzog

With recent Nobel Prizes recognising AI contributions to science, Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming scientific research by enhancing productivity and reshaping the scientific method. LLMs are now involved in experimental design,…

Large language models (LLMs) are reshaping how knowledge is produced, with increasing reliance on AI systems for generation, summarization, and reasoning. While prior work has studied cognitive offloading in humans and model collapse in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Xuening Wu , Yanlan Kang , Qianya Xu , Kexuan Xie , Jiaqi Mi , Honggang Wang , Yubin Liu , Zeping Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced self-learning tools, enabling more personalized interactions. However, learners struggle to engage in meaningful dialogue and process complex information. To alleviate this, we incorporate…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yi-Fan Cao , Kento Shigyo , Yitong Gu , Xiyuan Wang , Weijia Liu , Yang Wang , David Gotz , Zhilan Zhou , Huamin Qu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly transforming education by enabling rich conversational learning experiences. This article provides a comprehensive review of how LLM-based conversational agents are being used in higher education,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Russell Beale

Large language models (LLMs) are changing how we interact with computers. As they become capable of generating software dynamically, they invite a fundamental rethinking of the computer's role in human activity. In this conceptual paper, we…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mattias Rost

Large Language Models (LLMs) enable unprecedented social science experimentation by creating controlled hybrid human-AI environments. We introduce Epitome (www.epitome-ai.com), an open experimental platform that operationalizes this…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Jingjing Qu , Kejia Hu , Jun Zhu , Yulei Ye , Wenhao Li , Teng Wang , Zhiyun Chen , Chaochao Lu , Aimin Zhou , Xiangfeng Wang , Xia Hu , James Evans

The open-source publishing of large language models (LLMs) has created many possibilities for how anyone who understands language and has access to a computer can interact with significant tools of artificial intelligence, particularly in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Shane Storm Strachan

Large language models (LLMs) are excellent at maintaining high-level, convincing dialogue, but it remains unclear whether their persuasive success reflects genuine understanding of the discourse. We examine this question through informal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Adrian de Wynter , Tangming Yuan

Since decades, the modelling of metadata has been core to the functioning of any academic library. Its importance has only enhanced with the increasing pervasiveness of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven information activities…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Mayukh Bagchi

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) represents a turning point in the theoretical foundations of Information Systems Engineering. Beyond their technical significance, LLMs challenge the ontological, epistemological, and semiotic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-19 José Palazzo Moreira de Oliveira

Large language models (LLMs) have shown significant potential to change how we write, communicate, and create, leading to rapid adoption across society. This dissertation examines how individuals and institutions are adapting to and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Weixin Liang
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