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Unknown examples that are unseen during training often appear in real-world machine learning tasks, and an intelligent self-learning system should be able to distinguish between known and unknown examples. Accordingly, open set recognition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Jaeyeon Jang , Chang Ouk Kim

Open-set classification is a problem of handling `unknown' classes that are not contained in the training dataset, whereas traditional classifiers assume that only known classes appear in the test environment. Existing open-set classifiers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Ryota Yoshihashi , Wen Shao , Rei Kawakami , Shaodi You , Makoto Iida , Takeshi Naemura

Fueled by deep learning, computer-aided diagnosis achieves huge advances. However, out of controlled lab environments, algorithms could face multiple challenges. Open set recognition (OSR), as an important one, states that categories unseen…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Mingyuan Liu , Lu Xu , Jicong Zhang

Current state-of-the-art Wildlife classification models are trained under the closed world setting. When exposed to unknown classes, they remain overconfident in their predictions. Open-set Recognition (OSR) aims to classify known classes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jiahao Huo , Mufhumudzi Muthivhi , Terence L. van Zyl , Fredrik Gustafsson

Automatic Pill Recognition (APR) systems are crucial for enhancing hospital efficiency, assisting visually impaired individuals, and preventing cross-infection. However, most existing deep learning-based pill recognition systems can only…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Jinghua Zhang , Li Liu , Kai Gao , Dewen Hu

Few-Shot Class Incremental Learning (FSCIL) is a challenging continual learning task, where limited training examples are available during several learning sessions. To succeed in this task, it is necessary to avoid over-fitting new classes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Marco D'Alessandro , Alberto Alonso , Enrique Calabrés , Mikel Galar

New classes arise frequently in our ever-changing world, e.g., emerging topics in social media and new types of products in e-commerce. A model should recognize new classes and meanwhile maintain discriminability over old classes. Under…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Da-Wei Zhou , Han-Jia Ye , Liang Ma , Di Xie , Shiliang Pu , De-Chuan Zhan

Few-shot class-incremental learning (FSCIL) aims to design machine learning algorithms that can continually learn new concepts from a few data points, without forgetting knowledge of old classes. The difficulty lies in that limited data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Chi Zhang , Nan Song , Guosheng Lin , Yun Zheng , Pan Pan , Yinghui Xu

Open Set Recognition (OSR) requires models not only to accurately classify known classes but also to effectively reject unknown samples. However, when unknown samples are semantically similar to known classes, inter-class overlap in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Dongdong Zhao , Ranxin Fang , Changtian Song , Zhihui Liu , Jianwen Xiang

Few-shot class-incremental learning (FSCIL) seeks to continuously learn new classes from very limited samples while preserving previously acquired knowledge. Traditional methods often utilize a frozen pre-trained feature extractor to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Shengqin Jiang , Xiaoran Feng , Yuankai Qi , Haokui Zhang , Renlong Hang , Qingshan Liu , Lina Yao , Quan Z. Sheng , Ming-Hsuan Yang

Deep neural networks have demonstrated prominent capacities for image classification tasks in a closed set setting, where the test data come from the same distribution as the training data. However, in a more realistic open set scenario,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Feiyang Cai , Zhenkai Zhang , Jie Liu , Xenofon Koutsoukos

The goal for classification is to correctly assign labels to unseen samples. However, most methods misclassify samples with unseen labels and assign them to one of the known classes. Open-Set Classification (OSC) algorithms aim to maximize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Halil Bisgin , Andres Palechor , Mike Suter , Manuel Günther

Endoscopic image classification plays a pivotal role in medical diagnostics by identifying anatomical landmarks and pathological findings. However, conventional closed-set classification frameworks are inherently limited in open-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Kasra Moazzami , Seoyoun Son , John Lin , Sun Min Lee , Daniel Son , Hayeon Lee , Jeongho Lee , Seongji Lee

Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning (FSCIL) aims at incrementally learning novel classes from a few labeled samples by avoiding the overfitting and catastrophic forgetting simultaneously. The current protocol of FSCIL is built by mimicking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Yawen Cui , Zitong Yu , Wei Peng , Li Liu

Real-world classification tasks are frequently required to work in an open-set setting. This is especially challenging for few-shot learning problems due to the small sample size for each known category, which prevents existing open-set…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Jedrzej Kozerawski , Matthew Turk

While many FSCIL studies have been undertaken, achieving satisfactory performance, especially during incremental sessions, has remained challenging. One prominent challenge is that the encoder, trained with an ample base session training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-11 In-Ug Yoon , Tae-Min Choi , Sun-Kyung Lee , Young-Min Kim , Jong-Hwan Kim

Despite advances in image classification methods, detecting the samples not belonging to the training classes is still a challenging problem. There has been a burst of interest in this subject recently, which is called Open-Set Recognition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Mohammad Azizmalayeri , Mohammad Hossein Rohban

Few-Shot Open-Set Recognition (FSOSR) targets a critical real-world challenge, aiming to categorize inputs into known categories, termed closed-set classes, while identifying open-set inputs that fall outside these classes. Although…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Byeonggeun Kim , Juntae Lee , Kyuhong Shim , Simyung Chang

Few-Shot Class Incremental Learning (FSCIL) is crucial for adapting to the complex open-world environments. Contemporary prospective learning-based space construction methods struggle to balance old and new knowledge, as prototype bias and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Qinzhe Wang , Zixuan Chen , Keke Huang , Xiu Su , Chunhua Yang , Chang Xu

Open-set image recognition (OSR) aims to both classify known-class samples and identify unknown-class samples in the testing set, which supports robust classifiers in many realistic applications, such as autonomous driving, medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Jiayin Sun , Qiulei Dong