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Processing long contexts has become a critical capability for modern large language models (LLMs). However, serving long-context LLMs comes with significant inference costs due to the high memory overhead of the key-value (KV) cache.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Qihui Zhou , Peiqi Yin , Pengfei Zuo , James Cheng

The efficiency of long-video inference remains a critical bottleneck, mainly due to the dense computation in the prefill stage of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs). Existing methods either compress visual embeddings or apply sparse attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yuxiang Huang , Mingye Li , Xu Han , Chaojun Xiao , Weilin Zhao , Ao Sun , Ziqi Yuan , Hao Zhou , Fandong Meng , Zhiyuan Liu

Attention is the dominant source of latency during long-context LLM inference, an increasingly popular workload with reasoning models and RAG. We propose Kascade, a training-free sparse attention method that leverages known observations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Dhruv Deshmukh , Saurabh Goyal , Nipun Kwatra , Ramachandran Ramjee

Transformers and large language models (LLMs), powered by the attention mechanism, have transformed numerous AI applications, driving the need for specialized hardware accelerators. A major challenge in these accelerators is efficiently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Vasileios Titopoulos , Kosmas Alexandridis , Giorgos Dimitrakopoulos

While Transformers have shown remarkable success in natural language processing, their attention mechanism's large memory requirements have limited their ability to handle longer contexts. Prior approaches, such as recurrent memory or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Amirkeivan Mohtashami , Martin Jaggi

Block-wise diffusion language models (DLMs) generate multiple tokens in any order, offering a promising alternative to the autoregressive decoding pipeline. However, they still remain bottlenecked by memory-bound attention in long-context…

As the context window expands, self-attention increasingly dominates the transformer's inference time. Therefore, accelerating attention computation while minimizing performance degradation is essential for the efficient deployment of Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Eli Sason , Darya Frolova , Boris Nazarov , Felix Goldberd

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant computational bottlenecks during inference due to the quadratic complexity of self-attention mechanisms, particularly as context lengths increase. We introduce SpecAttn, a novel training-free…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Harsh Shah

Efficient inference on GPUs using large language models remains challenging due to memory bandwidth limitations, particularly during data transfers between High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) and SRAM in attention computations. Approximate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Nirav Koley , Prajwal Singhania , Abhinav Bhatele

Diffusion transformers have achieved remarkable success in high-quality video generation, yet their reliance on spatiotemporal 3D full attention incurs prohibitive computational cost due to the quadratic complexity of attention. Block…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Jie Hu , Zixiang Gao , Yutong He , Kun Yuan

Due to the auto-regressive nature of current video large language models (Video-LLMs), the inference latency increases as the input sequence length grows, posing challenges for the efficient processing of video sequences that are usually…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xuan Zhang , Cunxiao Du , Sicheng Yu , Jiawei Wu , Fengzhuo Zhang , Wei Gao , Qian Liu

The prefill stage of large language model (LLM) inference is a key computational bottleneck for long-context workloads. At short-to-moderate context lengths (1K--16K tokens), Feed-Forward Networks (FFNs) dominate this cost, accounting for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Aayush Gautam , Mukul Gagrani , Junyoung Park , Mingu Lee , Chiris Lott , Narasimha Reddy

Large language models (LLMs) have brought significant and transformative changes in human society. These models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and generation, leading to various advancements and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Yeqi Gao , Zhao Song , Shenghao Xie

Attention for transformers is a critical workload that has recently received significant "attention" as a target for custom acceleration. Yet, while prior work succeeds in reducing attention's memory-bandwidth requirements, it creates load…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Nandeeka Nayak , Xinrui Wu , Toluwanimi O. Odemuyiwa , Michael Pellauer , Joel S. Emer , Christopher W. Fletcher

The quadratic complexity of attention mechanisms limits the efficiency of Large Language Models (LLMs) on long-text tasks. Recently, methods that dynamically estimate block importance have enabled efficient block sparse attention, leading…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Yixuan Wang , Huang He , Siqi Bao , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

An efficient attention implementation is essential for large models due to its quadratic time complexity. Fortunately, attention commonly exhibits sparsity, i.e., many values in the attention map are near zero, allowing for the omission of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Jintao Zhang , Chendong Xiang , Haofeng Huang , Jia Wei , Haocheng Xi , Jun Zhu , Jianfei Chen

Inference with Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) on long sequences is both costly and slow due to the quadratic complexity of the self-attention mechanism. We introduce Star Attention, a two-phase block-sparse approximation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Shantanu Acharya , Fei Jia , Boris Ginsburg

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate substantial potential across a diverse array of domains via request serving. However, as trends continue to push for expanding context sizes, the autoregressive nature of LLMs results in highly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Bin Lin , Chen Zhang , Tao Peng , Hanyu Zhao , Wencong Xiao , Minmin Sun , Anmin Liu , Zhipeng Zhang , Lanbo Li , Xiafei Qiu , Shen Li , Zhigang Ji , Tao Xie , Yong Li , Wei Lin

Large language models (LLMs) excel in generating coherent text, but they often struggle with context awareness, leading to inaccuracies in tasks requiring faithful adherence to provided information. We introduce FastMem, a novel method…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Junyi Zhu , Shuochen Liu , Yu Yu , Bo Tang , Yibo Yan , Zhiyu Li , Feiyu Xiong , Tong Xu , Matthew B. Blaschko

The inference process for large language models is slow and memory-intensive, with one of the most critical bottlenecks being excessive Key-Value (KV) cache accesses. This paper introduces "Double Sparsity," a novel post-training sparse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Shuo Yang , Ying Sheng , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Ion Stoica , Lianmin Zheng
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