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Sharing methods of attack and their effectiveness is a cornerstone of building robust defensive systems. Threat analysis reports, produced by various individuals and organizations, play a critical role in supporting security operations and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Ahmed Lekssays , Husrev Taha Sencar , Ting Yu

Adversaries continuously evolve their tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) to achieve their objectives while evading detection, requiring defenders to continually update their understanding of adversary behavior. Prior research has…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Mahzabin Tamanna , Shaswata Mitra , Md Erfan , Ahmed Ryan , Sudip Mittal , Laurie Williams , Md Rayhanur Rahman

The volume, variety, and velocity of change in vulnerabilities and exploits have made incident threat analysis challenging with human expertise and experience along. Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs) are to describe how and why…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Reza Fayyazi , Shanchieh Jay Yang

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) is information describing threat vectors, vulnerabilities, and attacks and is often used as training data for AI-based cyber defense systems such as Cybersecurity Knowledge Graphs (CKG). There is a strong…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Casey Hanks , Michael Maiden , Priyanka Ranade , Tim Finin , Anupam Joshi

A key countermeasure in cybersecurity has been the development of standardized computational protocols for modeling and sharing cyber threat intelligence (CTI) between organizations, enabling a shared understanding of threats and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Felipe Sánchez González , Javier Pastor-Galindo , José A. Ruipérez-Valiente

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) is critical for mitigating threats to organizations, governments, and institutions, yet the necessary data are often dispersed across diverse formats. AI-driven solutions for CTI Information Extraction (IE)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Olga Sorokoletova , Emanuele Antonioni , Giordano Colò

Over the last years, threat intelligence sharing has steadily grown, leading cybersecurity professionals to access increasingly larger amounts of heterogeneous data. Among those, cyber attacks' Tactics, Techniques and Procedures (TTPs) have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Valentine Legoy , Marco Caselli , Christin Seifert , Andreas Peter

The rapid evolution of modern malware presents significant challenges to the development of effective defense mechanisms. Traditional cyber deception techniques often rely on static or manually configured parameters, limiting their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Shihab Ahmed , A B M Mohaimenur Rahman , Md Morshed Alam , Md Sajidul Islam Sajid

Monitoring the threat landscape to be aware of actual or potential attacks is of utmost importance to cybersecurity professionals. Information about cyber threats is typically distributed using natural language reports. Natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Lukas Lange , Marc Müller , Ghazaleh Haratinezhad Torbati , Dragan Milchevski , Patrick Grau , Subhash Pujari , Annemarie Friedrich

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are critical to defending enterprise and industrial control environments, yet evaluating their effectiveness under realistic conditions remains an open challenge. Existing benchmarks rely on synthetic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Manuel Kern , Dominik Steffan , Felix Schuster , Florian Skopik , Max Landauer , David Allison , Simon Freudenthaler , Edgar Weippl

AI models of equivalent capability can exhibit fundamentally different behavioral patterns, yet no standardized instrument exists to measure these dispositional differences. Existing approaches either borrow human personality dimensions and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Jihoon Jeong

Efficient defense against dynamically evolving advanced persistent threats (APT) requires the structured threat intelligence feeds, such as techniques used. However, existing threat-intelligence extraction techniques predominantly focuses…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Ming Xu , Hongtai Wang , Jiahao Liu , Xinfeng Li , Zhengmin Yu , Weili Han , Hoon Wei Lim , Jin Song Dong , Jiaheng Zhang

Reasoning benchmarks such as the Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) and ARC-AGI are widely used to assess progress in artificial intelligence and are often interpreted as probes of core, so-called ``fluid'' reasoning abilities. Despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Xinhe Wang , Jin Huang , Xingjian Zhang , Tianhao Wang , Jiaqi W. Ma

Artificial Intelligence for Theorem Proving has given rise to a plethora of benchmarks and methodologies, particularly in Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP). Research in the area is fragmented, with a diverse set of approaches being spread…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Sean Lamont , Michael Norrish , Amir Dezfouli , Christian Walder , Paul Montague

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes deeply embedded in critical services and everyday products, it is increasingly exposed to security threats which traditional cyber defenses were not designed to handle. In this paper, we investigate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Natalia Krawczyk , Mateusz Szczepkowski , Adrian Brodzik , Krzysztof Bocianiak

The debate around Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) remains open due to two fundamentally different goals: replicating human-like performance versus replicating human-like cognitive processes. We argue that current performance-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Meltem Subasioglu , Nevzat Subasioglu

Agentic AI prototypes are being deployed across domains with increasing speed, yet no methodology for their structured design, governance, and prospective evaluation has been established. Existing AI documentation practices and guidelines…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Sebastian Lobentanzer

We propose SETI (Systematicity Evaluation of Textual Inference), a novel and comprehensive benchmark designed for evaluating pre-trained language models (PLMs) for their systematicity capabilities in the domain of textual inference.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Xiyan Fu , Anette Frank

The escalating complexity and volume of cyberattacks demand proactive detection strategies that go beyond traditional rule-based systems. This paper presents a phase-aware, multi-model machine learning framework that emulates adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Chitraksh Singh , Monisha Dhanraj , Ken Huang

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) parsing aims to extract key threat information from massive data, transform it into actionable intelligence, enhance threat detection and defense efficiency, including attack graph construction, intelligence…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yongheng Zhang , Xinyun Zhao , Yunshan Ma , Haokai Ma , Yingxiao Guan , Guozheng Yang , Yuliang Lu , Xiang Wang