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Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are formulated to ground instructions in visual context and generate action sequences for robotic manipulation. Despite recent progress, VLA models still face challenges in learning related and reusable…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Ziyue Zhu , Shangyang Wu , Shuai Zhao , Zhiqiu Zhao , Shengjie Li , Yi Wang , Fang Li , Haoran Luo

Vision-Language-Action models have emerged as a promising paradigm for robotic manipulation by unifying perception, language grounding, and action generation. However, they often struggle in scenarios requiring precise spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Tao Lin , Yuxin Du , Jiting Liu , Nuobei Zhu , Yunhe Li , Yuqian Fu , Yinxinyu Chen , Hongyi Cai , Zewei Ye , Bing Cheng , Kai Ye , Yiran Mao , Yilei Zhong , MingKang Dong , Junchi Yan , Gen Li , Bo Zhao

One promise that Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models hold over traditional imitation learning for robotics is to leverage the broad generalization capabilities of large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to produce versatile, "generalist" robot…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Irving Fang , Juexiao Zhang , Shengbang Tong , Chen Feng

Vision Language Action (VLA) models represent a transformative shift in robotics, with the aim of unifying visual perception, natural language understanding, and embodied control within a single learning framework. This review presents a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Muhayy Ud Din , Waseem Akram , Lyes Saad Saoud , Jan Rosell , Irfan Hussain

Robotic manipulation, a key frontier in robotics and embodied AI, requires precise motor control and multimodal understanding, yet traditional rule-based methods fail to scale or generalize in unstructured, novel environments. In recent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Rui Shao , Wei Li , Lingsen Zhang , Renshan Zhang , Zhiyang Liu , Ran Chen , Liqiang Nie

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently emerged as a promising paradigm for robotic manipulation, in which reliable action prediction critically depends on accurately interpreting and integrating visual observations conditioned on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yulin Luo , Hao Chen , Zhuangzhe Wu , Bowen Sui , Jiaming Liu , Chenyang Gu , Zhuoyang Liu , Qiuxuan Feng , Jiale Yu , Shuo Gu , Peng Jia , Pheng-Ann Heng , Shanghang Zhang

Foundation models applied in robotics, particularly \textbf{Vision--Language--Action (VLA)} models, hold great promise for achieving general-purpose manipulation. Yet, systematic real-world evaluations and cross-model comparisons remain…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yihao Zhang , Yuankai Qi , Xi Zheng

Vision-language-action models (VLAs) have shown generalization capabilities in robotic manipulation tasks by inheriting from vision-language models (VLMs) and learning action generation. Most VLA models focus on interpreting vision and…

While vision-language models have advanced significantly, their application in language-conditioned robotic manipulation is still underexplored, especially for contact-rich tasks that extend beyond visually dominant pick-and-place…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Chaofan Zhang , Peng Hao , Xiaoge Cao , Xiaoshuai Hao , Shaowei Cui , Shuo Wang

Large policies pretrained on a combination of Internet-scale vision-language data and diverse robot demonstrations have the potential to change how we teach robots new skills: rather than training new behaviors from scratch, we can…

Vision language action (VLA) models enable generalist robotic agents but often exhibit language ignorance, relying on visual shortcuts and remaining insensitive to instruction changes. We present Prospective Grounding and Alignment VLA…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Nastaran Darabi , Amit Ranjan Trivedi

Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) hold immense promise for enabling generalist robot manipulation. However, the best way to build them remains an open question. Current approaches often add complexity, such as modifying the existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Ankit Goyal , Hugo Hadfield , Xuning Yang , Valts Blukis , Fabio Ramos

Recent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models built on pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) require extensive post-training, resulting in high computational overhead that limits scalability and deployment.We propose CogVLA, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Wei Li , Renshan Zhang , Rui Shao , Jie He , Liqiang Nie

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a powerful paradigm for open-world robot manipulation, but their practical deployment is often constrained by cost: billion-scale VLM backbones and iterative diffusion/flow-based action…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently achieved remarkable progress in robotic perception and control, yet most existing approaches primarily rely on VLM trained using 2D images, which limits their spatial understanding and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Zhifeng Rao , Wenlong Chen , Lei Xie , Xia Hua , Dongfu Yin , Zhen Tian , F. Richard Yu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising paradigm for general-purpose robotic manipulation, leveraging large-scale pre-training to achieve strong performance. The field has rapidly evolved with additional spatial…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Yuankai Luo , Woping Chen , Tong Liang , Baiqiao Wang , Zhenguo Li

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising approach for enabling robots to follow language instructions and predict corresponding actions. However, current VLA models mainly rely on 2D visual inputs, neglecting the rich…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Lin Sun , Bin Xie , Yingfei Liu , Hao Shi , Tiancai Wang , Jiale Cao

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models leverage Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) for robotic control, but recent studies reveal that MLLMs exhibit limited spatial intelligence due to training predominantly on 2D data, resulting in…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently made significant advance in multi-task, end-to-end robotic control, due to the strong generalization capabilities of Vision-Language Models (VLMs). A fundamental challenge in developing such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Yuqing Wen , Kefan Gu , Haoxuan Liu , Yucheng Zhao , Tiancai Wang , Haoqiang Fan , Xiaoyan Sun

The emergence of vision-language-action models (VLAs) for end-to-end control is reshaping the field of robotics by enabling the fusion of multimodal sensory inputs at the billion-parameter scale. The capabilities of VLAs stem primarily from…