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3D spatial reasoning is the ability to analyze and interpret the positions, orientations, and spatial relationships of objects within the 3D space. This allows models to develop a comprehensive understanding of the 3D scene, enabling their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Wufei Ma , Haoyu Chen , Guofeng Zhang , Yu-Cheng Chou , Jieneng Chen , Celso M de Melo , Alan Yuille

Reconstructing accurate 3D models of large-scale real-world scenes from unstructured, in-the-wild imagery remains a core challenge in computer vision, especially when the input views have little or no overlap. In such cases, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Tamir Cohen , Leo Segre , Shay Shomer-Chai , Shai Avidan , Hadar Averbuch-Elor

The advent of foundation models has revolutionized the fields of natural language processing and computer vision, paving the way for their application in autonomous driving (AD). This survey presents a comprehensive review of more than 40…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Haoxiang Gao , Zhongruo Wang , Yaqian Li , Kaiwen Long , Ming Yang , Yiqing Shen

We propose UniSeg3D, a unified 3D scene understanding framework that achieves panoptic, semantic, instance, interactive, referring, and open-vocabulary segmentation tasks within a single model. Most previous 3D segmentation approaches are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Wei Xu , Chunsheng Shi , Sifan Tu , Xin Zhou , Dingkang Liang , Xiang Bai

Semantic scene completion (SSC) aims to infer both the 3D geometry and semantics of a scene from single images. In contrast to prior work on SSC that heavily relies on expensive ground-truth annotations, we approach SSC in an unsupervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Aleksandar Jevtić , Christoph Reich , Felix Wimbauer , Oliver Hahn , Christian Rupprecht , Stefan Roth , Daniel Cremers

Multi-modal 3D scene understanding has gained considerable attention due to its wide applications in many areas, such as autonomous driving and human-computer interaction. Compared to conventional single-modal 3D understanding, introducing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Yinjie Lei , Zixuan Wang , Feng Chen , Guoqing Wang , Peng Wang , Yang Yang

Open-world instance-level scene understanding aims to locate and recognize unseen object categories that are not present in the annotated dataset. This task is challenging because the model needs to both localize novel 3D objects and infer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Runyu Ding , Jihan Yang , Chuhui Xue , Wenqing Zhang , Song Bai , Xiaojuan Qi

3D scene understanding is fundamental for embodied AI and robotics, supporting reliable perception for interaction and navigation. Recent approaches achieve zero-shot, open-vocabulary 3D semantic mapping by assigning embedding vectors to 2D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Mohamad Amin Mirzaei , Pantea Amoie , Ali Ekhterachian , Matin Mirzababaei , Babak Khalaj

Current approaches to learning semantic representations of sentences often use prior word-level knowledge. The current study aims to leverage visual information in order to capture sentence level semantics without the need for word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-25 Danny Merkx , Stefan Frank

Answering questions about the spatial properties of the environment poses challenges for existing language and vision foundation models due to a lack of understanding of the 3D world notably in terms of relationships between objects. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Emilia Szymanska , Mihai Dusmanu , Jan-Willem Buurlage , Mahdi Rad , Marc Pollefeys

We propose an unsupervised method for parsing large 3D scans of real-world scenes with easily-interpretable shapes. This work aims to provide a practical tool for analyzing 3D scenes in the context of aerial surveying and mapping, without…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Romain Loiseau , Elliot Vincent , Mathieu Aubry , Loic Landrieu

Panorama images have a much larger field-of-view thus naturally encode enriched scene context information compared to standard perspective images, which however is not well exploited in the previous scene understanding methods. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Cheng Zhang , Zhaopeng Cui , Cai Chen , Shuaicheng Liu , Bing Zeng , Hujun Bao , Yinda Zhang

Visual inspection is the predominant technique for evaluating the condition of civil infrastructure. The recent advances in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and artificial intelligence have made the visual inspections faster, safer, and more…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-25 Kareem Eltouny , Seyedomid Sajedi , Xiao Liang

Vision foundation models, particularly the ViT family, have revolutionized image understanding by providing rich semantic features. However, despite their success in 2D comprehension, their abilities on grasping 3D spatial relationships are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Yang You , Yixin Li , Congyue Deng , Yue Wang , Leonidas Guibas

Foundation features from self-supervised vision models and text-to-image diffusion models have proven effective for semantic correspondence estimation. However, because these features are learned primarily from 2D image objectives, they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Artur Jesslen , Olaf Dünkel , Adam Kortylewski

Existing state-of-the-art 3D point cloud understanding methods merely perform well in a fully supervised manner. To the best of our knowledge, there exists no unified framework that simultaneously solves the downstream high-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Kangcheng Liu

Autonomous 3D scanning of open-world target structures via drones remains challenging despite broad applications. Existing paradigms rely on restrictive assumptions or effortful human priors, limiting practicality, efficiency, and…

Three-dimensional object detection is essential for autonomous driving and robotics, relying on effective fusion of multimodal data from cameras and radar. This work proposes RCDINO, a multimodal transformer-based model that enhances visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Olga Matykina , Dmitry Yudin

Seamless Human-Robot Interaction is the ultimate goal of developing service robotic systems. For this, the robotic agents have to understand their surroundings to better complete a given task. Semantic scene understanding allows a robotic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Muraleekrishna Gopinathan , Giang Truong , Jumana Abu-Khalaf

Prior studies on 3D scene understanding have primarily developed specialized models for specific tasks or required task-specific fine-tuning. In this study, we propose Grounded 3D-LLM, which explores the potential of 3D large multi-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Yilun Chen , Shuai Yang , Haifeng Huang , Tai Wang , Runsen Xu , Ruiyuan Lyu , Dahua Lin , Jiangmiao Pang