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Fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers exquisite images of the developing brain but is not suitable for anomaly screening. For this ultrasound (US) is employed. While expert sonographers are adept at reading US images, MR…

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has played a crucial role in fetal neurodevelopmental research. Structural annotations of MR images are an important step for quantitative analysis of the developing human brain, with Deep Learning providing…

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a principal diagnostic approach used in the field of radiology to create images of the anatomical and physiological structure of patients. MRI is the prevalent medical imaging practice to find…

Decoding visual stimuli from neural responses recorded by functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) presents an intriguing intersection between cognitive neuroscience and machine learning, promising advancements in understanding human…

Purpose: To accelerate MRI acquisition by incorporating the previous scans of a subject during reconstruction. Although longitudinal imaging constitutes much of clinical MRI, leveraging previous scans is challenging due to the complex…

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely used medical imaging modality. However, due to the limitations in hardware, scan time, and throughput, it is often clinically challenging to obtain high-quality MR images. The super-resolution…

In recent years there has been explosive growth in the number of neuroimaging studies performed using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). The field that has grown around the acquisition and analysis of fMRI data is intrinsically…

This chapter describes several procedures used to prepare fMRI data for statistical analyses. It includes the description of common preprocessing steps, such as spatial realignment, coregistration, and spatial normalization, aimed at the…

Developing successful artificial intelligence systems in practice depends on both robust deep learning models and large, high-quality data. However, acquiring and labeling data can be prohibitively expensive and time-consuming in many…

Resting State Networks (RSNs) of the brain extracted from Resting State functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (RS-fMRI) are used in the pre-surgical planning to guide the neurosurgeon. This is difficult, though, as expert knowledge is…

Advances in neuroimaging techniques have provided us novel insights into understanding how the human mind works. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is the most popular and widely used neuroimaging technique, and there is growing…

Neuroradiologists and neurosurgeons increasingly opt to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to map functionally relevant brain regions for noninvasive presurgical planning and intraoperative neuronavigation. This application…

Whole brain segmentation from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a prerequisite for most morphological analyses, but is computationally intense and can therefore delay the availability of image markers after scan acquisition. We…

Functional MRI (fMRI) is commonly used for interpreting neural activities across the brain. Numerous accelerated fMRI techniques aim to provide improved spatiotemporal resolutions. Among these, simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) imaging has…

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities on complex tasks, exhibiting emergent, human-like thinking patterns. Despite their advances, we identify a fundamental limitation: current LRMs lack a dedicated meta-level…

Introduction: Fetal resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is a rapidly evolving field that provides valuable insight into brain development before birth. Accurate segmentation of the fetal brain from the surrounding…

Deep learning has emerged as a promising approach for learning the nonlinear mapping between diffusion-weighted MR images and tissue parameters, which enables automatic and deep understanding of the brain microstructures. However, the…

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a pivotal clinical diagnostic tool, yet its extended scanning times often compromise patient comfort and image quality, especially in volumetric, temporal and quantitative scans. This review elucidates…

Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) serves as a non-destructive spatial spectroscopy technique with a multitude of potential applications. However, a recurring challenge lies in the limited size of the target datasets, impeding exhaustive…

Preclinical diffusion MRI (dMRI) has proven value in methods development and validation, characterizing the biological basis of diffusion phenomena, and comparative anatomy. While dMRI enables in vivo non-invasive characterization of…