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Related papers: Mining Legal Arguments to Study Judicial Formalism

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We introduce ALARB, a dataset and suite of tasks designed to evaluate the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) within the Arabic legal domain. While existing Arabic benchmarks cover some knowledge-intensive tasks such as…

Multimodal Chain of Thought (MCoT) is a popular prompting strategy for improving the performance of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) across a range of complex reasoning tasks. Despite its popularity, there is a notable absence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Xiongtao Zhou , Jie He , Lanyu Chen , Jingyu Li , Haojing Chen , Víctor Gutiérrez-Basulto , Jeff Z. Pan , Hanjie Chen

This work demonstrates that Legal Judgement Prediction systems without expert-informed adjustments can be vulnerable to shallow, distracting surface signals that arise from corpus construction, case distribution, and confounding factors. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 T. Y. S. S Santosh , Shanshan Xu , Oana Ichim , Matthias Grabmair

Convincing someone of the truth value of a premise requires understanding and articulating the core logical structure of the argument which proves or disproves the premise. Understanding the logical structure of an argument refers to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Krunal Shah , Dan Roth

Automated deduction lies at the core of Artificial Intelligence (AI), underpinning theorem proving, formal verification, and logical reasoning. Despite decades of progress, reconciling deductive completeness with computational efficiency…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yang Xu , Shuwei Chen , Jun Liu , Feng Cao , Xingxing He

Standard accuracy on binary reasoning benchmarks hides critical failure modes: prior collapse, inconsistency under paraphrase, and inability to reason about parameter-dependent dynamics. We present ChaosBench-Logic v2, a 40,886-question…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Noel Thomas

The legal landscape encompasses a wide array of lawsuit types, presenting lawyers with challenges in delivering timely and accurate information to clients, particularly concerning critical aspects like potential imprisonment duration or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Jia-Hong Huang , Chao-Chun Yang , Yixian Shen , Alessio M. Pacces , Evangelos Kanoulas

Machine learning algorithms in socially sensitive domains (e.g., credit decisions) often focus on equalizing predictive outcomes. However, satisfying these metrics does not guarantee that models use the same reasoning for different groups.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Gideon Popoola , John Sheppard

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable multi-step reasoning capabilities across various domains. However, LLMs still face distinct challenges in complex logical reasoning, as (1) proof-finding requires systematic exploration…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Kang He , Kaushik Roy

Generative large language models as tools in the legal domain have the potential to improve the justice system. However, the reasoning behavior of current generative models is brittle and poorly understood, hence cannot be responsibly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Cor Steging , Silja Renooij , Bart Verheij

This article presents a pipeline for automated fact-checking leveraging publicly available Language Models and data. The objective is to assess the accuracy of textual claims using evidence from a ground-truth evidence corpus. The pipeline…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Jan Drchal , Herbert Ullrich , Tomáš Mlynář , Václav Moravec

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at many tasks but often falter on complex problems that require structured, multi-step reasoning. We introduce the Diagram of Thought (DoT), a framework that enables a single LLM to build and navigate a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yifan Zhang , Yang Yuan , Andrew Chi-Chih Yao

One type of machine learning, text classification, is now regularly applied in the legal matters involving voluminous document populations because it can reduce the time and expense associated with the review of those documents. One form of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-04-04 Rishi Chhatwal , Nathaniel Huber-Fliflet , Robert Keeling , Jianping Zhang , Haozhen Zhao

Interpretability or explainability is an emerging research field in NLP. From a user-centric point of view, the goal is to build models that provide proper justification for their decisions, similar to those of humans, by requiring the…

Legal judgment prediction is the task of automatically predicting the outcome of a court case, given a text describing the case's facts. Previous work on using neural models for this task has focused on Chinese; only feature-based models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Ilias Chalkidis , Ion Androutsopoulos , Nikolaos Aletras

Large Language Models (LLMs) could struggle to fully understand legal theories and perform complex legal reasoning tasks. In this study, we introduce a challenging task (confusing charge prediction) to better evaluate LLMs' understanding of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Weikang Yuan , Junjie Cao , Zhuoren Jiang , Yangyang Kang , Jun Lin , Kaisong Song , tianqianjin lin , Pengwei Yan , Changlong Sun , Xiaozhong Liu

Large reasoning models, often post-trained on long chain-of-thought (long CoT) data with reinforcement learning, achieve state-of-the-art performance on mathematical, coding, and domain-specific reasoning benchmarks. However, their logical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Hanmeng Liu , Yiran Ding , Zhizhang Fu , Chaoli Zhang , Xiaozhang Liu , Yue Zhang

Half a billion citation edges extracted from 100.7 million Ukrainian court decisions reveal that judicial citation structure encodes legal domain boundaries without supervision and predicts future legislative importance with near-perfect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Volodymyr Ovcharov

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong potential across legal tasks, yet the problem of legal citation prediction remains under-explored. At its core, this task demands fine-grained contextual understanding and precise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Jiuzhou Han , Paul Burgess , Ehsan Shareghi

Automatic judgment prediction aims to predict the judicial results based on case materials. It has been studied for several decades mainly by lawyers and judges, considered as a novel and prospective application of artificial intelligence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-19 Shangbang Long , Cunchao Tu , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun