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Computer-aided diagnosis systems must make critical decisions from medical images that are often noisy, ambiguous, or conflicting, yet today's models are trained on overly simplistic labels that ignore diagnostic uncertainty. One-hot labels…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Ang Nan Gu , Michael Tsang , Hooman Vaseli , Purang Abolmaesumi , Teresa Tsang

Multi-label learning often requires identifying all relevant labels for training instances, but collecting full label annotations is costly and labor-intensive. In many datasets, only a single positive label is annotated per training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Misgina Tsighe Hagos , Claes Lundström

Partially-supervised learning can be challenging for segmentation due to the lack of supervision for unlabeled structures, and the methods directly applying fully-supervised learning could lead to incompatibility, meaning ground truth is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Ke Zhang , Xiahai Zhuang

Automated interpretation of electrocardiograms (ECG) has garnered significant attention with the advancements in machine learning methodologies. Despite the growing interest, most current studies focus solely on classification or regression…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-07 Jielin Qiu , Jiacheng Zhu , Shiqi Liu , William Han , Jingqi Zhang , Chaojing Duan , Michael Rosenberg , Emerson Liu , Douglas Weber , Ding Zhao

In practical electrocardiography (ECG) interpretation, the scarcity of well-annotated data is a common challenge. Transfer learning techniques are valuable in such situations, yet the assessment of transferability has received limited…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-13 Cuong V. Nguyen , Hieu Minh Duong , Cuong D. Do

Partial label learning (PLL) learns from training examples each associated with multiple candidate labels, among which only one is valid. In recent years, benefiting from the strong capability of dealing with ambiguous supervision and the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Qian-Wei Wang , Bowen Zhao , Mingyan Zhu , Tianxiang Li , Zimo Liu , Shu-Tao Xia

Accurate interpretation of electrocardiogram (ECG) remains challenging due to the scarcity of labeled data and the high cost of expert annotation. Self-supervised learning (SSL) offers a promising solution by enabling models to learn…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zehao Qin , Xiaojian Lin , Ping Zhang , Hongliang Wu , Xinkang Wang , Guangling Liu , Bo Chen , Wenming Yang , Guijin Wang

In this work we search for best practices in pre-processing of Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals in order to train better classifiers for the diagnosis of heart conditions. State of the art machine learning algorithms have achieved remarkable…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-16 Amir Salimi , Sunil Vasu Kalmady , Abram Hindle , Osmar Zaiane , Padma Kaul

Real-world training data is often noisy; for example, human annotators assign conflicting class labels to the same instances. Partial-label learning (PLL) is a weakly supervised learning paradigm that allows training classifiers in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Tobias Fuchs , Florian Kalinke

We motivate weakly supervised learning as an effective learning paradigm for problems where curating perfectly annotated datasets is expensive and may require domain expertise such as fine-grained classification. We focus on Partial Label…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Darshana Saravanan , Naresh Manwani , Vineet Gandhi

Electroencephalogram (EEG) decoding aims to identify the perceptual, semantic, and cognitive content of neural processing based on non-invasively measured brain activity. Traditional EEG decoding methods have achieved moderate success when…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-09 Xun Chen , Chang Li , Aiping Liu , Martin J. McKeown , Ruobing Qian , Z. Jane Wang

Automated ECG diagnosis has seen significant advancements with deep learning techniques, but real-world applications still face challenges when dealing with scanned paper ECGs. In this study, we explore multi-label classification of ECGs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Cuong V. Nguyen , Hieu X. Nguyen , Dung D. Pham Minh , Cuong D. Do

Learning with reduced labeling standards, such as noisy label, partial label, and multiple label candidates, which we generically refer to as \textit{imprecise} labels, is a commonplace challenge in machine learning tasks. Previous methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Hao Chen , Ankit Shah , Jindong Wang , Ran Tao , Yidong Wang , Xing Xie , Masashi Sugiyama , Rita Singh , Bhiksha Raj

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a widely used, cost-effective tool for detecting electrical abnormalities in the heart. However, it cannot directly measure functional parameters, such as ventricular volumes and ejection fraction, which are…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-27 Alexander Selivanov , Philip Müller , Özgün Turgut , Nil Stolt-Ansó , Daniel Rückert

Partial-label learning (PLL) relies on a key assumption that the true label of each training example must be in the candidate label set. This restrictive assumption may be violated in complex real-world scenarios, and thus the true label of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Shuo He , Lei Feng , Guowu Yang

In conventional machine learning (ML) approaches applied to electroencephalography (EEG), this is often a limited focus, isolating specific brain activities occurring across disparate temporal scales (from transient spikes in milliseconds…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-02-06 Jonathan W. Kim , Ahmed Alaa , Danilo Bernardo

Automated electrocardiogram (ECG) classification is essential for early detection of cardiovascular diseases. While recent approaches have increasingly relied on deep neural networks with complex architectures, we demonstrate that careful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Naqcho Ali Mehdi , Amir Ali

Analysing electrocardiograms (ECGs) is an inexpensive and non-invasive, yet powerful way to diagnose heart disease. ECG studies using Machine Learning to automatically detect abnormal heartbeats so far depend on large, manually annotated…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-11 Mononito Goswami , Benedikt Boecking , Artur Dubrawski

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a widely used diagnostic tool for detecting heart conditions. Rare cardiac diseases may be underdiagnosed using traditional ECG analysis, considering that no training dataset can exhaust all possible cardiac…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Aofan Jiang , Chaoqin Huang , Qing Cao , Shuang Wu , Zi Zeng , Kang Chen , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang

Arrhythmia is just one of the many cardiovascular illnesses that have been extensively studied throughout the years. Using multi-lead ECG data, this research describes a deep learning (DL) pipeline technique based on convolutional neural…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-13 Aryan Odugoudar , Jaskaran Singh Walia
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