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Generative AI is being leveraged to solve a variety of computer-use tasks involving desktop applications. State-of-the-art systems have focused solely on improving accuracy on leading benchmarks. However, these systems are practically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Reyna Abhyankar , Qi Qi , Yiying Zhang

Recent success in large multimodal models (LMMs) has sparked promising applications of agents capable of autonomously completing complex web tasks. While open-source LMM agents have made significant advances in offline evaluation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Vardaan Pahuja , Yadong Lu , Corby Rosset , Boyu Gou , Arindam Mitra , Spencer Whitehead , Yu Su , Ahmed Awadallah

User studies are central to user experience research, yet recruiting participant is expensive, slow, and limited in diversity. Recent work has explored using Large Language Models as simulated users, but doubts about fidelity have hindered…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Siyang Liu , Sahand Sabour , Xiaoyang Wang , Rada Mihalcea

We introduce AgentSynth, a scalable and cost-efficient pipeline for automatically synthesizing high-quality tasks and trajectory datasets for generalist computer-use agents. Leveraging information asymmetry, AgentSynth constructs subtasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jingxu Xie , Dylan Xu , Xuandong Zhao , Dawn Song

Computer-use agents face a fundamental limitation. They rely exclusively on primitive GUI actions (click, type, scroll), creating brittle execution chains prone to cascading failures. While API-driven agents harness rich capabilities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yuhao Yang , Zhen Yang , Zi-Yi Dou , Anh Nguyen , Keen You , Omar Attia , Andrew Szot , Michael Feng , Ram Ramrakhya , Alexander Toshev , Chao Huang , Yinfei Yang , Zhe Gan

Building reliable computer-use agents requires grounding: accurately connecting natural language instructions to the correct on-screen elements. While large datasets exist for web and mobile interactions, high-quality resources for desktop…

While current Computer Use Agent (CUA) benchmarks measure task completion effectively, they provide limited assessment of enterprise deployment readiness, emphasizing functional correctness over the operational reliability required for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Horia Cristescu , Charles Park , Trong Canh Nguyen , Sergiu Talmacel , Alexandru-Gabriel Ilie , Stefan Adam

Reinforcement learning (RL) for web agents demands environments that are both effective for evaluation and efficient enough for large-scale on-policy training. Current web environments fall short: server-side Docker setups are too…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yuxuan Lu , Ziyi Wang , Jing Huang , Hui Liu , Jiri Gesi , Yan Han , Shihan Fu , Tianqi Zheng , Xianfeng Tang , Chen Luo , Yisi Sang , Jin Lai , Dakuo Wang

Usability testing with experts and potential users can assess the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) but doing so remains a costly and time-intensive process. Prior work has used computer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Alice Gao , Weixi Tong , Rishab Vempati , Katharina Reinecke , R. Benjamin Shapiro , Tianyi Zhang , Jason Wu

We introduce WebChain, the largest open-source dataset of human-annotated trajectories on real-world websites, designed to accelerate reproducible research in web agents. It contains 31,725 trajectories and 318k steps, featuring a core…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Sicheng Fan , Rui Wan , Yifei Leng , Gaoning Liang , Li Ling , Yanyi Shang , Dehan Kong

We introduce DABstep, a novel benchmark for evaluating AI agents on realistic multi-step data analysis tasks. DABstep comprises over 450 real-world challenges derived from a financial analytics platform, requiring models to combine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Alex Egg , Martin Iglesias Goyanes , Friso Kingma , Andreu Mora , Leandro von Werra , Thomas Wolf

Graphical User Interface (GUI) Agents, powered by large language and vision-language models, hold promise for enabling end-to-end automation in digital environments. However, their progress is fundamentally constrained by the scarcity of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Musen Lin , Minghao Liu , Taoran Lu , Lichen Yuan , Yiwei Liu , Haonan Xu , Yu Miao , Yuhao Chao , Zhaojian Li

Long-horizon, repetitive workflows are common in professional settings, such as processing expense reports from receipts and entering student grades from exam papers. These tasks are often tedious for humans since they can extend to extreme…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jing Wu , Daphne Barretto , Yiye Chen , Nicholas Gydé , Yanan Jian , Yuhang He , Vibhav Vineet

The predominant approach for training web navigation agents is to gather human demonstrations for a set of popular websites and hand-written tasks, but it is becoming clear that human data is an inefficient resource. We develop a pipeline…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Brandon Trabucco , Gunnar Sigurdsson , Robinson Piramuthu , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Realistic long-horizon productivity work is strongly conditioned on user-specific computer environments, where much of the work context is stored and organized through directory structures and content-rich artifacts. To scale synthetic data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Tao Ge , Baolin Peng , Hao Cheng , Jianfeng Gao

Training computer-use agents requires massive amounts of GUI interaction data, but manually annotating action trajectories at scale is prohibitively expensive. We present VideoAgentTrek, a scalable pipeline that automatically mines training…

As LLMs shift toward autonomous agents, Deep Research has emerged as a pivotal metric. However, existing academic benchmarks like BrowseComp often fail to meet real-world demands for open-ended research, which requires robust skills in…

Web agents, which couple language models with browsing and tool-use capabilities, show promise as open web assistants. Yet progress is increasingly limited by the lack of scalable, process-level supervision. Existing benchmarks are largely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Tenghao Huang , Kung-Hsiang Huang , Prafulla Kumar Choubey , Yilun Zhou , Muhao Chen , Jonathan May , Chien-Sheng Wu

Many machine translation toolkits make use of a data preparation step wherein raw data is transformed into a tensor format that can be used directly by the trainer. This preparation step is increasingly at odds with modern research and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Matt Post , Thamme Gowda , Roman Grundkiewicz , Huda Khayrallah , Rohit Jain , Marcin Junczys-Dowmunt

Environments are the bottleneck for self-improving agents. Current terminal benchmarks were built for evaluation, not training; reinforcement learning requires a scalable pipeline, not just a dataset. We introduce Endless Terminals, a fully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Kanishk Gandhi , Shivam Garg , Noah D. Goodman , Dimitris Papailiopoulos