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Deep generative models have advanced rapidly across text and vision, motivating unified multimodal systems that can understand, reason over, and generate interleaved text-image sequences. Most existing approaches combine autoregressive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Ying Shen , Tianrong Chen , Yuan Gao , Yizhe Zhang , Yuyang Wang , Miguel Ángel Bautista , Shuangfei Zhai , Joshua M. Susskind , Jiatao Gu

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets), a new family of probabilistic samplers, have recently emerged as a promising framework for learning stochastic policies that generate high-quality and diverse objects proportionally to their rewards.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Chunhui Li , Cheng-Hao Liu , Dianbo Liu , Qingpeng Cai , Ling Pan

Flow Matching (FM) is a simulation-free method for learning a continuous and invertible flow to interpolate between two distributions, and in particular to generate data from noise. Inspired by the variational nature of the diffusion…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-14 Chen Xu , Xiuyuan Cheng , Yao Xie

The normalization constraint on probability density poses a significant challenge for solving the Fokker-Planck equation. Normalizing Flow, an invertible generative model leverages the change of variables formula to ensure probability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Feng Liu , Faguo Wu , Xiao Zhang

Lack of standardization and various intrinsic parameters for magnetic resonance (MR) image acquisition results in heterogeneous images across different sites and devices, which adversely affects the generalization of deep neural networks.…

Normalizing flows define a probability distribution by an explicit invertible transformation $\boldsymbol{\mathbf{z}}=f(\boldsymbol{\mathbf{x}})$. In this work, we present implicit normalizing flows (ImpFlows), which generalize normalizing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-18 Cheng Lu , Jianfei Chen , Chongxuan Li , Qiuhao Wang , Jun Zhu

A normalizing flow models a complex probability density as an invertible transformation of a simple density. The invertibility means that we can evaluate densities and generate samples from a flow. In practice, autoregressive flow-based…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-06 Conor Durkan , Artur Bekasov , Iain Murray , George Papamakarios

Deep-learning methods have shown promising performance for low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) reconstruction. However, supervised methods face the problem of lacking labeled data in clinical scenarios, and the CNN-based unsupervised…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-25 Ran An , Ke Chen , Hongwei Li

Mean flow (MeanFlow) enables efficient, high-fidelity image generation, yet its single-function evaluation (1-NFE) generation often cannot yield compelling results. We address this issue by introducing RMFlow, an efficient multimodal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yuhao Huang , Shih-Hsin Wang , Andrea L. Bertozzi , Bao Wang

Causal inconsistency arises when the underlying causal graphs captured by generative models like \textit{Normalizing Flows} (NFs) are inconsistent with those specified in causal models like \textit{Struct Causal Models} (SCMs). This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Qingyang Zhou , Kangjie Lu , Meng Xu

Normalising Flows are non-parametric statistical models characterised by their dual capabilities of density estimation and generation. This duality requires an inherently invertible architecture. However, the requirement of invertibility…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-28 Eshant English , Matthias Kirchler , Christoph Lippert

Uncertainty quantification provides quantitative measures on the reliability of candidate solutions of ill-posed inverse problems. Due to their sequential nature, Monte Carlo sampling methods require large numbers of sampling steps for…

Geophysics · Physics 2021-04-14 Ali Siahkoohi , Felix J. Herrmann

Temporal data such as time series can be viewed as discretized measurements of the underlying function. To build a generative model for such data we have to model the stochastic process that governs it. We propose a solution by defining the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Marin Biloš , Kashif Rasul , Anderson Schneider , Yuriy Nevmyvaka , Stephan Günnemann

Likelihood-based deep generative models have been widely investigated for Image Anomaly Detection (IAD), particularly Normalizing Flows, yet their strict architectural invertibility needs often constrain scalability, particularly in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Liangwei Li , Lin Liu , Hanzhe Liang , Juanxiu Liu , Jing Zhang , Ruqian Hao , Xiaohui Du , Yong Liu , Pan Li

To enhance low-light images to normally-exposed ones is highly ill-posed, namely that the mapping relationship between them is one-to-many. Previous works based on the pixel-wise reconstruction losses and deterministic processes fail to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-14 Yufei Wang , Renjie Wan , Wenhan Yang , Haoliang Li , Lap-Pui Chau , Alex C. Kot

While the deployment of neural networks, yielding impressive results, becomes more prevalent in various applications, their interpretability and understanding remain a critical challenge. Network inversion, a technique that aims to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Pirzada Suhail , Supratik Chakraborty , Amit Sethi

Obtaining samples from the posterior distribution of inverse problems with expensive forward operators is challenging especially when the unknowns involve the strongly heterogeneous Earth. To meet these challenges, we propose a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-12 Ali Siahkoohi , Gabrio Rizzuti , Mathias Louboutin , Philipp A. Witte , Felix J. Herrmann

We present a computational framework for efficient learning, sampling, and distribution of general Bayesian posterior distributions. The framework leverages a machine learning approach for the construction of normalizing flows for the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-10-10 Yukari Yamauchi , Landon Buskirk , Pablo Giuliani , Kyle Godbey

Vision-Language Latent Diffusion Models (LDMs) (Rombach et al., 2022) provide powerful generative priors for inverse problems. However, existing LDM-based inverse solvers typically require a large number of neural function evaluations…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-11 Alessio Spagnoletti , Tim Y. J. Wang , Marcelo Pereyra , O. Deniz Akyildiz

Normalizing flows provide an elegant approach to generative modeling that allows for efficient sampling and exact density evaluation of unknown data distributions. However, current techniques have significant limitations in their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Sahil Sidheekh , Chris B. Dock , Tushar Jain , Radu Balan , Maneesh K. Singh