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Contrastive pretraining can substantially increase model generalisation and downstream performance. However, the quality of the learned representations is highly dependent on the data augmentation strategy applied to generate positive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Mélanie Roschewitz , Fabio De Sousa Ribeiro , Tian Xia , Galvin Khara , Ben Glocker

Counterfactual inference aims to estimate the counterfactual outcome at the individual level given knowledge of an observed treatment and the factual outcome, with broad applications in fields such as epidemiology, econometrics, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Peng Wu , Haoxuan Li , Chunyuan Zheng , Yan Zeng , Jiawei Chen , Yang Liu , Ruocheng Guo , Kun Zhang

When the performance of a machine learning model varies over groups defined by sensitive attributes (e.g., gender or ethnicity), the performance disparity can be expressed in terms of the probability distributions of the input and output…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-20 Hao Wang , Berk Ustun , Flavio P. Calmon

Causal inference, or counterfactual prediction, is central to decision making in healthcare, policy and social sciences. To de-bias causal estimators with high-dimensional data in observational studies, recent advances suggest the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-20 Shuxi Zeng , Serge Assaad , Chenyang Tao , Shounak Datta , Lawrence Carin , Fan Li

Contrastive representation learning encourages data representation to make semantically similar pairs closer than randomly drawn negative samples, which has been successful in various domains such as vision, language, and graphs. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Han Bao , Yoshihiro Nagano , Kento Nozawa

A key challenge of oversampling in imbalanced classification is that the generation of new minority samples often neglects the usage of majority classes, resulting in most new minority sampling spreading the whole minority space. In view of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-24 Hao Luo , Li Liu

Providing explanations about how machine learning algorithms work and/or make particular predictions is one of the main tools that can be used to improve their trusworthiness, fairness and robustness. Among the most intuitive type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Rubén Ruiz-Torrubiano

Despite their high accuracies, modern complex image classifiers cannot be trusted for sensitive tasks due to their unknown decision-making process and potential biases. Counterfactual explanations are very effective in providing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Kamran Alipour , Aditya Lahiri , Ehsan Adeli , Babak Salimi , Michael Pazzani

The real world naturally has dimensions of time and space. Therefore, estimating the counterfactual outcomes with spatial-temporal attributes is a crucial problem. However, previous methods are based on classical statistical models, which…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-27 He Li , Haoang Chi , Mingyu Liu , Wanrong Huang , Liyang Xu , Wenjing Yang

We propose a formal model for counterfactual estimation with unobserved confounding in "data-rich" settings, i.e., where there are a large number of units and a large number of measurements per unit. Our model provides a bridge between the…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-04-03 Alberto Abadie , Anish Agarwal , Devavrat Shah

In this paper titled A Symbolic Approach for Counterfactual Explanations we propose a novel symbolic approach to provide counterfactual explanations for a classifier predictions. Contrary to most explanation approaches where the goal is to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Ryma Boumazouza , Fahima Cheikh-Alili , Bertrand Mazure , Karim Tabia

Learning generative models is challenging for a network edge node with limited data and computing power. Since tasks in similar environments share model similarity, it is plausible to leverage pre-trained generative models from the cloud or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Mehmet Dedeoglu , Sen Lin , Zhaofeng Zhang , Junshan Zhang

In this paper, we show that counterfactual explanations of confidence scores help users better understand and better trust an AI model's prediction in human-subject studies. Showing confidence scores in human-agent interaction systems can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Thao Le , Tim Miller , Ronal Singh , Liz Sonenberg

The growing integration of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) models into high-stakes domains such as healthcare and scientific research calls for models that are not only accurate but also interpretable. Among the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Zhuo Cao , Xuan Zhao , Lena Krieger , Hanno Scharr , Ira Assent

Paraphrase generation is an important and challenging natural language processing (NLP) task. In this work, we propose a deep generative model to generate paraphrase with diversity. Our model is based on an encoder-decoder architecture. An…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Zhecheng An , Sicong Liu

In this paper, we propose a local squared Wasserstein-2 (W_2) method to solve the inverse problem of reconstructing models with uncertain latent variables or parameters. A key advantage of our approach is that it does not require prior…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-12 Mingtao Xia , Qijing Shen

Counterfactual explanation is an important Explainable AI technique to explain machine learning predictions. Despite being studied actively, existing optimization-based methods often assume that the underlying machine-learning model is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Wenzhuo Yang , Jia Li , Caiming Xiong , Steven C. H. Hoi

Lack of ground-truth MR images impedes the common supervised training of neural networks for image reconstruction. To cope with this challenge, this paper leverages unpaired adversarial training for reconstruction networks, where the inputs…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-14 Ke Lei , Morteza Mardani , John M. Pauly , Shreyas S. Vasanawala

We develop a general theoretical and algorithmic framework for sparse approximation and structured prediction in $\mathcal{P}_2(\Omega)$ with Wasserstein barycenters. The barycenters are sparse in the sense that they are computed from an…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-02-13 Minh-Hieu Do , Jean Feydy , Olga Mula

Counterfactual learning is a natural scenario to improve web-based machine translation services by offline learning from feedback logged during user interactions. In order to avoid the risk of showing inferior translations to users, in such…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-15 Carolin Lawrence , Pratik Gajane , Stefan Riezler