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When applying deep learning models in open-world scenarios, active learning (AL) strategies are crucial for identifying label candidates from a nearly infinite amount of unlabeled data. In this context, robust out-of-distribution (OOD)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Sebastian Schmidt , Leonard Schenk , Leo Schwinn , Stephan Günnemann

Human Activity Recognition (HAR) is a crucial technology for many applications such as smart homes, surveillance, human assistance and health care. This technology utilises pattern recognition and can contribute to the development of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Farhad Nazari , Darius Nahavandi , Navid Mohajer , Abbas Khosravi

Neural networks, while effective for tackling many challenging scientific tasks, are not known to perform well out-of-distribution (OOD), i.e., within domains which differ from their training data. Understanding neural network OOD…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Luis Rangel DaCosta , Mary C. Scott

Human activity recognition (HAR) is a time series classification task that focuses on identifying the motion patterns from human sensor readings. Adequate data is essential but a major bottleneck for training a generalizable HAR model,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Xin Qin , Jindong Wang , Shuo Ma , Wang Lu , Yongchun Zhu , Xing Xie , Yiqiang Chen

Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) detection has received broad attention over the years, aiming to ensure the reliability and safety of deep neural networks (DNNs) in real-world scenarios by rejecting incorrect predictions. However, we notice a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Yao Zhu , Yuefeng Chen , Xiaodan Li , Rong Zhang , Hui Xue , Xiang Tian , Rongxin Jiang , Bolun Zheng , Yaowu Chen

Human Activity Recognition (HAR), based on machine and deep learning algorithms is considered one of the most promising technologies to monitor professional and daily life activities for different categories of people (e.g., athletes,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-19 Florenc Demrozi , Cristian Turetta , Graziano Pravadelli

Human activity recognition (HAR) in ubiquitous computing is beginning to adopt deep learning to substitute for well-established analysis techniques that rely on hand-crafted feature extraction and classification techniques. From these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-05-02 Nils Y. Hammerla , Shane Halloran , Thomas Ploetz

It is crucial to detect when an instance lies downright too far from the training samples for the machine learning model to be trusted, a challenge known as out-of-distribution (OOD) detection. For neural networks, one approach to this task…

As a critical component of Wearable AI, IMU-based Human Activity Recognition (HAR) has attracted increasing attention from both academia and industry in recent years. Although HAR performance has improved considerably in specific scenarios,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-19 Yize Cai , Baoshen Guo , Flora Salim , Zhiqing Hong

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for ensuring the reliability of deep learning models in real-world applications. Existing methods typically focus on feature representations or output-space analysis, often assuming a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Mostafa ElAraby , Sabyasachi Sahoo , Yann Pequignot , Paul Novello , Liam Paull

Our goal in this paper is to exploit heteroscedastic temperature scaling as a calibration strategy for out of distribution (OOD) detection. Heteroscedasticity here refers to the fact that the optimal temperature parameter for each sample…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Rushil Anirudh , Jayaraman J. Thiagarajan

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to detect "unknown" data whose labels have not been seen during the in-distribution (ID) training process. Recent progress in representation learning gives rise to distance-based OOD detection that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Ji Zhang , Lianli Gao , Bingguang Hao , Hao Huang , Jingkuan Song , Hengtao Shen

The study explores a hybrid centralized-federated approach for Human Activity Recognition (HAR) using a Transformer-based architecture. With the increasing ubiquity of edge devices, such as smartphones and wearables, a significant amount of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-27 Wandemberg Gibaut , Alexandre Osorio , Amparo Munoz , Sildolfo F. G. Neto , Fabio Grassiotto

Combining different sensing modalities with multiple positions helps form a unified perception and understanding of complex situations such as human behavior. Hence, human activity recognition (HAR) benefits from combining redundant and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Hymalai Bello

In this paper, we study the OOD generalization of neural algorithmic reasoning tasks, where the goal is to learn an algorithm (e.g., sorting, breadth-first search, and depth-first search) from input-output pairs using deep neural networks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Sadegh Mahdavi , Kevin Swersky , Thomas Kipf , Milad Hashemi , Christos Thrampoulidis , Renjie Liao

Human Activity Recognition (HAR) describes the machines ability to recognize human actions. Nowadays, most people on earth are health conscious, so people are more interested in tracking their daily activities using Smartphones or Smart…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Sanku Satya Uday , Satti Thanuja Pavani , T. Jaya Lakshmi , Rohit Chivukula

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for deploying robust and reliable machine-learning systems in open-world settings. Despite steady advances in OOD detectors, their interplay with modern training pipelines that maximize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Gerhard Krumpl , Henning Avenhaus , Horst Possegger

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical requirement for the deployment of deep neural networks. This paper introduces the HEAT model, a new post-hoc OOD detection method estimating the density of in-distribution (ID) samples using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Marc Lafon , Elias Ramzi , Clément Rambour , Nicolas Thome

Machine Learning (ML) models are trained on in-distribution (ID) data but often encounter out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs during deployment -- posing serious risks in safety-critical domains. Recent works have focused on designing scoring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Daisuke Yamada , Harit Vishwakarma , Ramya Korlakai Vinayak

In image classification, a lot of development has happened in detecting out-of-distribution (OoD) data. However, most OoD detection methods are evaluated on a standard set of datasets, arbitrarily different from training data. There is no…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Jishnu Mukhoti , Tsung-Yu Lin , Bor-Chun Chen , Ashish Shah , Philip H. S. Torr , Puneet K. Dokania , Ser-Nam Lim
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