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Using public pulse time-of-arrival data from five pulsar timing arrays (PTAs), we search for a stationary, isotropic, and unpolarized nHz stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB). This analysis is more sensitive than previous…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-29 Wang-Wei Yu , Bruce Allen

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are approaching the sensitivity required to resolve gravitational waves (GWs) from individual supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries. However, the large uncertainty in source localization will make the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-26 Niccolo Veronesi , Maria Charisi , Stephen R Taylor , Jessie Runnoe , Daniel J D'Orazio

Bayesian methods for the detection of continuous gravitational waves (CGWs) in Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) data incur substantial computational costs that grow rapidly due to the number of noise and signal parameters characterizing the fitted…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-10 Yi-Qian Qian , Yan Wang , Soumya D. Mohanty , Siyuan Chen

Radio pulses from pulsars are affected by plasma dispersion, which results in a frequency-dependent propagation delay. Variations in the magnitude of this effect lead to an additional source of red noise in pulsar timing experiments,…

Recent years have seen a burgeoning interest in using pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) as gravitational-wave (GW) detectors. To date, that interest has focused mainly on three particularly promising source types: supermassive--black-hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-02-26 Curt Cutler , Sarah Burke-Spolaor , Michele Vallisneri , Joseph Lazio , Walid Majid

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are being used to search for very low frequency gravitational waves. A gravitational wave signal appears in pulsar timing residuals through two components: one independent of and one dependent on the pulsar's…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-03 Matthew Pitkin

Timing pulses of pulsars has proved to be a most powerful technique useful to a host of research areas in astronomy and physics. Importantly, the precision of this timing is not only affected by radiometer noise, but also by intrinsic pulse…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-28 K. Liu , J. P. W. Verbiest , M. Kramer , B. W. Stappers , W. van Straten , J. M. Cordes

Simple analytic expressions are derived for the sensitivity curve of a pulsar timing array (PTA) to both a monochromatic source of gravitational waves and an isotropic stochastic background of gravitational waves. These derivations are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-11 Christopher J. Moore

Pulsar timing experiments require high fidelity template profiles in order to minimize the biases in pulse time-of-arrival (TOA) measurements and their uncertainties. Efforts to acquire more precise TOAs given fixed effective area of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-01-30 Timothy T. Pennucci

Pulsar timing array (PTA) provides an excellent opportunity to detect the gravitational waves (GWs) in nanoHertz frequency band. In particular, due to the larger number of "arms" in PTA, it can be used to test gravity by probing the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-03-29 Rui Niu , Wen Zhao

We study the capability of a pulsar timing array (PTA) to individually resolve and localize in the sky monochromatic gravitational wave (GW) sources. Given a cosmological population of inspiralling massive black hole binaries, their…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Stanislav Babak , Alberto Sesana

Gravitational waves are a radically new way to peer into the darkest depths of the cosmos. Pulsars can be used to make direct detections of gravitational waves through precision timing. When a gravitational wave passes between a pulsar and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-05-28 Stephen R. Taylor

The measurement of pulsar pulse times-of-arrival (ToAs) is a crucial step in detecting low-frequency gravitational waves. To determine ToAs, we can use template-matching to compare each observed pulse profile with a standard template.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-17 J. Wang , J. P. W. Verbiest , G. M. Shaifullah , I. Cognard , L. Guillemot , G. H. Janssen , M. B. Mickaliger , A. Possenti , G. Theureau

We present precise phase-connected pulse timing solutions for 16 gamma-ray-selected pulsars recently discovered using the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope plus one very faint radio pulsar (PSR J1124-5916)…

In \citet{Guillemot2023} we presented a new method for calibrating pulsar observations conducted with the Nan\c{c}ay decimetric Radio Telescope (NRT), which significantly improved NRT polarimetric measurements and pulsar timing quality for…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-16 Lucas Guillemot , Willem van Straten , Ismaël Cognard , Aurélien Chalumeau , Gilles Theureau , Éric Gérard

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) detect gravitational waves (GWs) via the correlations they create in the arrival times of pulses from different pulsars. The mean correlation, a function of the angle $\gamma$ between the directions to two…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-20 Bruce Allen , Joseph D. Romano

A new detection method for gravitational waves (GWs) with ultra-low frequencies ($f_{\rm GW} \lesssim 10^{-10}~{\rm Hz}$), which is much lower than the range of pulsar timing arrays (PTAs), was proposed in Yonemaru et al. (2016). This…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-05-29 Shinnosuke Hisano , Naoyuki Yonemaru , Hiroki Kumamoto , Keitaro Takahashi

Ultralight dark matter may couple quadratically to Standard Model particles. Such quadratic interactions give rise to both coherent and stochastic signals in pulsar timing array (PTA) observations. In this work, we characterize these…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-28 Xucheng Gan , Hyungjin Kim , Andrea Mitridate

A "pulsar timing array" (PTA), in which observations of a large sample of pulsars spread across the celestial sphere are combined, allows investigation of "global" phenomena such as a background of gravitational waves or instabilities in…