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Any architecture for practical quantum computing must be scalable. An attractive approach is to create multiple cores, computing regions of fixed size that are well-spaced but interlinked with communication channels. This exploded…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-08 Hamza Jnane , Brennan Undseth , Zhenyu Cai , Simon C Benjamin , Bálint Koczor

In distributed quantum computing architectures, with the network and communications functionalities provided by the Quantum Internet, remote quantum processing units (QPUs) can communicate and cooperate for executing computational tasks…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-22 Davide Ferrari , Angela Sara Cacciapuoti , Michele Amoretti , Marcello Caleffi

Distributed quantum computing (DQC) is a new paradigm aimed at scaling up quantum computing via the interconnection of smaller quantum processing units (QPUs). Shared entanglement allows teleportation of both states and gates between QPUs.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Felix Burt , Kuan-Cheng Chen , Kin Leung

Quantum computers connected through classical and quantum communication channels can be combined to function as a single unit to run large quantum circuits that each device is unable to execute on their own. The distributed quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-04 Leo Sünkel , Michael Kölle , Tobias Rohe , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

Just as classical computing relies on distributed systems, the quantum computing era requires new kinds of infrastructure and software tools. Quantum networks will become the backbone of hybrid, quantum-augmented data centers, in which…

In this contribution we consider an advantageous building block with potential for various quantum applications: a device based on coupled spins capable of generating and sharing out an entangled pair of qubits. Our model device is a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-13 M. P. Estarellas , T. P. Spiller , I. D'Amico

Bell inequality violating entangled states are the working horse for many potential quantum information processing applications, including secret sharing, cryptographic key distribution and communication complexity reduction in distributed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-12-12 Marcin Wiesniak

A core challenge for superconducting quantum computers is to scale up the number of qubits in each processor without increasing noise or cross-talk. Distributed quantum computing across small qubit arrays, known as chiplets, can address…

Quantum computing offers the potential to solve certain complex problems, yet, scaling monolithic processors remains a major challenge. Modular and distributed architectures are proposed to build large-scale quantum systems while bringing…

Distributed quantum computing relies on coordinated operations between remote quantum processing units (QPUs), yet most existing work either assumes full connectivity, unrealistic for large networks, or relies on entanglement swapping. To…

Physical constraints and engineering challenges, including wafer dimensions, classical control cabling, and refrigeration volumes, impose significant limitations on the scalability of quantum computing units. As a result, a modular quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Hugo Jacinto , Élie Gouzien , Nicolas Sangouard

Connecting multiple smaller qubit modules by generating high-fidelity entangled states is a promising path for scaling quantum computing hardware. The performance of such a modular quantum computer is highly dependent on the quality and…

Modular quantum computing provides a scalable approach to overcome the limitations of monolithic quantum architectures by interconnecting multiple Quantum Processing Units (QPUs) through a quantum network. In this work, we explore and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-30 Shahrooz Pouryousef , Reza Nejabati , Don Towsley , Ramana Kompella , Eneet Kaur

The practical realization of quantum programs that require large-scale qubit systems is hindered by current technological limitations. Distributed Quantum Computing (DQC) presents a viable path to scalability by interconnecting multiple…

Distributed quantum computing (DQC) provides a promising route toward scalable quantum computation, where entanglement-assisted LOCC and circuit knitting represent two complementary approaches. The former deterministically realizes nonlocal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Shao-Hua Hu , Po-Sung Liu , Jun-Yi Wu

Practical distributed quantum computing and error correction require quantum networks with high-qubit-rate, high-fidelity, and low-reconfiguration-latency. Unfortunately, current approaches are limited by fundamental constraints:…

Quantum computing as a promising technology can utilize stochastic solutions instead of deterministic approaches for complicated scenarios for which classical computing is inefficient, provided that both the concerns of the error-prone…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-10 Shahram Babaie , Chunming Qiao

Efficient distributed computing offers a scalable strategy for solving resource-demanding tasks such as parallel computation and circuit optimisation. Crucially, the communication overhead introduced by the allotment process should be…

Errors are the primary bottleneck preventing practical quantum computing. This challenge is exacerbated in the distributed quantum computing regime, where quantum networks introduce additional communication-induced noise. While error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-06 Maria Gragera Garces

Distributed quantum computing (DQC) offers a pathway for scaling up quantum computing architectures beyond the confines of a single chip. Entanglement is a crucial resource for implementing non-local operations in DQC, and it is required to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-25 Ji Liu , Allen Zang , Martin Suchara , Tian Zhong , Paul D Hovland