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Quantum-enhanced (i.e., higher performance by quantum effects than any classical methods) mean value estimation of observables is a fundamental task in various quantum technologies; in particular, it is an essential subroutine in quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-11 Kaito Wada , Kazuma Fukuchi , Naoki Yamamoto

We investigate the problem of estimating simultaneously multiple parameters encoded in the shape of the modes on which the light is expanded. For this, we generalize the mode-encoded parameter estimation theory as introduced in Ref.[1] to a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-23 Alexander Boeschoten , Giacomo Sorelli , Manuel Gessner , Claude Fabre , Nicolas Treps

It is well known that a quantum correlated probe can yield better precision in estimating an unknown parameter than classically possible. However, how such a quantum probe should be measured remains somewhat elusive. We examine the role of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-20 K. Micadei , D. A. Rowlands , F. A. Pollock , L. C. Céleri , R. M. Serra , K. Modi

Quantum measurements, alongside quantum states and processes, form a cornerstone of quantum information processing. However, unlike states and processes, their efficient characterisation remains relatively unexplored. We resolve this…

The Cram\'er-Rao bound captures completely the performance of single-parameter quantum sensors. On the other hand, its extension to multiple parameters demands more caution. Different aspects need to be captured at once, including,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-14 Jayanth Jayakumar , Marco Barbieri , Magdalena Stobińska

Estimating correctly the quantum phase of a physical system is a central problem in quantum parameter estimation theory due to its wide range of applications from quantum metrology to cryptography. Ideally, the optimal quantum estimator is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-09 Marco A. Rodríguez-García , Isaac Pérez Castillo , P. Barberis-Blostein

Quantum metrology concerns estimating a parameter from multiple identical uses of a quantum channel. We extend quantum metrology beyond this standard setting and consider estimation of a physical process with quantum memory, here referred…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-18 Yuxiang Yang

Simultaneous estimation of multiple parameters in quantum metrological models is complicated by factors relating to the (i) existence of a single probe state allowing for optimal sensitivity for all parameters of interest, (ii) existence of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-01 Sammy Ragy , Marcin Jarzyna , Rafal Demkowicz-Dobrzanski

The best possible precision is one of the key figures in metrology, but this is established by the exact response of the detection apparatus, which is often unknown. There exist techniques for detector characterisation, that have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-23 Matteo Altorio , Marco G. Genoni , Fabrizia Somma , Marco Barbieri

Quantum metrology enhances the sensitivity of parameter estimation using the distinctive resources of quantum mechanics such as entanglement. It has been shown that the precision of estimating an overall multiplicative factor of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-31 Shengshi Pang , Todd A. Brun

We review and discuss the potential of using measurement-based elements in quantum communication schemes, where certain tasks are realized with the help of entangled resource states that are processed by measurements. We consider long-range…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-27 M. Zwerger , H. J. Briegel , W. Dür

Quantum parameter estimation theory is an important component of quantum information theory and provides the statistical foundation that underpins important topics such as quantum system identification and quantum waveform estimation. When…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-24 Hendra I. Nurdin

The field of quantum metrology seeks to apply quantum techniques and/or resources to classical sensing approaches with the goal of enhancing the precision in the estimation of a parameter beyond what can be achieved with classical…

Quantum Metrology calculates the ultimate precision of all estimation strategies, measuring what is their root mean-square error (RMSE) and their Fisher information. Here, instead, we ask how many bits of the parameter we can recover,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-22 Lorenzo Maccone , Majid Hassani , Chiara Macchiavello

Relevant metrological scenarios involve the simultaneous estimation of multiple parameters. The fundamental ingredient to achieve quantum-enhanced performances is based on the use of appropriately tailored quantum probes. However, reaching…

Quantum measurement has conventionally been regarded as the final step in quantum information processing, which is essential for reading out the processed information but collapses the quantum state into a classical state. However, recent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-02 Dongjin Lee , Beni Yoshida

Quantum parameter estimation holds the promise of quantum technologies, in which physical parameters can be measured with much greater precision than what is achieved with classical technologies. However, how to obtain a best precision when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-05 Jianning Li , Dianzhen Cui , X. X. Yi

The power of quantum sensing rests on its ultimate precision limit, quantified by the quantum Cramer-Rao bound (QCRB), which can surpass classical bounds. In multi-parameter estimation, the QCRB is not always saturated as the quantum nature…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-24 Changhao Li , Mo Chen , Paola Cappellaro

The paper investigates the techniques of quantum computation in metrological predictions, with a particular emphasis on enhancing prediction potential through variational parameter estimation. The applicability of quantum simulations and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-31 Vaidik A Sharma , N. Madurai Meenachi , B. Venkatraman

We consider the problem of estimating the state of a large but finite number $N$ of identical quantum systems. In the limit of large $N$ the problem simplifies. In particular the only relevant measure of the quality of the estimation is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-12-18 R. D. Gill , S. Massar