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As quantum devices continue to scale, distributed quantum computing emerges as a promising strategy for executing large-scale tasks across modular quantum processors. A central challenge in this paradigm is verifying the correctness of…

Cloud-accessible quantum processors enable direct execution of quantum algorithms on heterogeneous hardware platforms. Unlike classical systems, however, identical quantum circuits may exhibit substantially different behavior across devices…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-12 Askar Oralkhan , Temirlan Zhaxalykov

Contemporary quantum computers encode and process quantum information in binary qubits (d = 2). However, many architectures include higher energy levels that are left as unused computational resources. We demonstrate a superconducting…

Superconducting qubits are one of the most promising candidates to implement quantum computers. The superiority of superconducting quantum computers over any classical device in simulating random but well-determined quantum circuits has…

Superconducting circuits are at the forefront of quantum computing technology because of the unparalleled combination of good coherence, fast gates and flexibility in design parameters. The majority of experiments demonstrating small…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-24 Tanay Roy , Sumeru Hazra , Suman Kundu , Madhavi Chand , Meghan P. Patankar , R. Vijay

Hyperfine-encoded qubits in alkali atoms have established themselves as robust platforms for quantum computing, while alkaline-earth-like elements expand the state manipulation toolbox through their rich spectrum of optical transitions and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-19 Denis Mishin , Dmitry Tregubov , Nikolay Kolachevsky , Artem Golovizin

Quantum bits (qubits) are the basic building blocks of any quantum computer. Superconducting qubits have been created with a 'top-down' approach that integrates superconducting devices into macroscopic electrical circuits [1-3], whereas…

Quantum computers represent a transformative frontier in computational technology, promising exponential speedups beyond classical computing limits. IBM Quantum has led significant advancements in both hardware and software, providing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-04 M. AbuGhanem

Quantum computers are currently accessible through a cloud-based platform that allows users to run their programs on a suite of quantum hardware. As the quantum computing ecosystem grows in popularity and utility, it is reasonable to expect…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-27 Suryansh Upadhyay , Swaroop Ghosh

Superconducting qubits provide a promising approach to large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computing. However, qubit connectivity on a planar surface is typically restricted to only a few neighboring qubits. Achieving longer-range and more…

Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers are entering an era in which they can perform computational tasks beyond the capabilities of the most powerful classical computers, thereby achieving "Quantum Supremacy", a major milestone…

Quantum computing has the potential to solve many computational problems exponentially faster than classical computers. The high shares of renewables and the wide deployment of converter-interfaced resources require new tools that shall…

Quantum Neural Networks (QNNs) have shown significant value across domains, with well-trained QNNs representing critical intellectual property often deployed via cloud-based QNN-as-a-Service (QNNaaS) platforms. Recent work has examined QNN…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-02 Zhenxiao Fu , Leyi Zhao , Xuhong Zhang , Yilun Xu , Gang Huang , Fan Chen

The use of classical computers to simulate quantum computing has been successful in aiding the study of quantum algorithms and circuits that are too complex to examine analytically. Current implementations of quantum computing simulators…

We discuss the realization of a universal set of ultrafast single- and two-qubit operations with superconducting quantum circuits and investigate the most relevant physical and technical limitations that arise when pushing for faster and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-20 Daoquan Zhu , Tuomas Jaako , Qiongyi He , Peter Rabl

Classical simulations of quantum circuits are limited in both space and time when the qubit count is above 50, the realm where quantum supremacy reigns. However, recently, for the low depth circuit with more than 50 qubits, there are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-15 Zhao-Yun Chen , Qi Zhou , Cheng Xue , Xia Yang , Guang-Can Guo , Guo-Ping Guo

Quantum computation is conventionally performed using quantum operations acting on two-level quantum bits, or qubits. Qubits in modern quantum computers suffer from inevitable detrimental interactions with the environment that cause errors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-03 Alexey Galda , Michael Cubeddu , Naoki Kanazawa , Prineha Narang , Nathan Earnest-Noble

We report on Quantinuum Helios, a 98-qubit trapped-ion quantum processor based on the quantum charge-coupled device (QCCD) architecture. Helios features $^{137}$Ba$^{+}$ hyperfine qubits, all-to-all connectivity enabled by a rotatable ion…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-10 Anthony Ransford , M. S. Allman , Jake Arkinstall , J. P. Campora , Samuel F. Cooper , Robert D. Delaney , Joan M. Dreiling , Brian Estey , Caroline Figgatt , Alex Hall , Ali A. Husain , Akhil Isanaka , Colin J. Kennedy , Nikhil Kotibhaskar , Ivaylo S. Madjarov , Karl Mayer , Alistair R. Milne , Annie J. Park , Adam P. Reed , Riley Ancona , Molly P. Andersen , Pablo Andres-Martinez , Will Angenent , Liz Argueta , Benjamin Arkin , Leonardo Ascarrunz , William Baker , Corey Barnes , John Bartolotta , Jordan Berg , Ryan Besand , Bryce Bjork , Matt Blain , Paul Blanchard , Robin Blume-Kohout , Matt Bohn , Agustin Borgna , Daniel Y. Botamanenko , Robert Boutelle , Natalie Brown , Grant T. Buckingham , Nathaniel Q. Burdick , William Cody Burton , Varis Carey , Christopher J. Carron , Joe Chambers , John Children , Victor E. Colussi , Steven Crepinsek , Andrew Cureton , Joe Davies , Daniel Davis , Matthew DeCross , David Deen , Conor Delaney , Davide DelVento , B. J. DeSalvo , Jason Dominy , Ross Duncan , Vanya Eccles , Alec Edgington , Neal Erickson , Stephen Erickson , Christopher T. Ertsgaard , Bruce Evans , Tyler Evans , Maya I. Fabrikant , Andrew Fischer , Cameron Foltz , Michael Foss-Feig , David Francois , Brad Freyberg , Charles Gao , Robert Garay , Jane Garvin , David M. Gaudiosi , Christopher N. Gilbreth , Josh Giles , Erin Glynn , Jeff Graves , Azure Hansen , David Hayes , Lukas Heidemann , Bob Higashi , Tyler Hilbun , Jordan Hines , Ariana Hlavaty , Kyle Hoffman , Ian M. Hoffman , Craig Holliman , Isobel Hooper , Bob Horning , James Hostetter , Daniel Hothem , Jack Houlton , Jared Hout , Ross Hutson , Ryan T. Jacobs , Trent Jacobs , Melf Johannsen , Jacob Johansen , Loren Jones , Sydney Julian , Ryan Jung , Aidan Keay , Todd Klein , Mark Koch , Ryo Kondo , Chang Kong , Asa Kosto , Alan Lawrence , David Liefer , Michelle Lollie , Dominic Lucchetti , Nathan K. Lysne , Christian Lytle , Callum MacPherson , Andrew Malm , Spencer Mather , Brian Mathewson , Daniel Maxwell , Lauren McCaffrey , Hannah McDougall , Robin Mendoza , Michael Mills , Richard Morrison , Louis Narmour , Nhung Nguyen , Lora Nugent , Scott Olson , Daniel Ouellette , Jeremy Parks , Zach Peters , Jessie Petricka , Juan M. Pino , Frank Polito , Matthias Preidl , Gabriel Price , Timothy Proctor , McKinley Pugh , Noah Ratcliff , Daisy Raymondson , Peter Rhodes , Conrad Roman , Craig Roy , Ciaran Ryan-Anderson , Fernando Betanzo Sanchez , George Sangiolo , Tatiana Sawadski , Andrew Schaffer , Peter Schow , Jon Sedlacek , Henry Semenenko , Peter Shevchuk , Susan Shore , Peter Siegfried , Kartik Singhal , Seyon Sivarajah , Thomas Skripka , Lucas Sletten , Ben Spaun , R. Tucker Sprenkle , Paul Stoufer , Mariel Tader , Stephen F. Taylor , Travis H. Thompson , Raanan Tobey , Anh Tran , Tam Tran , Grahame Vittorini , Curtis Volin , Jim Walker , Sam White , Douglas Wilson , Quinn Wolf , Chester Wringe , Kevin Young , Jian Zheng , Kristen Zuraski , Charles H. Baldwin , Alex Chernoguzov , John P. Gaebler , Steven J. Sanders , Brian Neyenhuis , Russell Stutz , Justin G. Bohnet

We have integrated single and coupled superconducting transmon qubits into flip-chip modules. Each module consists of two chips -- one quantum chip and one control chip -- that are bump-bonded together. We demonstrate time-averaged…

Quantum computers are promising powerful computers for solving complex problems, but access to real quantum hardware remains limited due to high costs. Although the software simulators on CPUs/GPUs such as Qiskit, ProjectQ, and Qsun offer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-19 Tuan Hai Vu , Vu Trung Duong Le , Hoai Luan Pham , Quoc Chuong Nguyen , Yasuhiko Nakashima
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