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We demonstrate how publicly available social-media data and generative AI (GenAI) can be misused to automate and scale highly personalized, context-aware spear-phishing campaigns. With minimal attacker effort, a small amount of public…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Elham Pourabbas Vafa , Sayak Saha Roy , Shirin Nilizadeh

The rapid adoption of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in the biosciences is transforming biotechnology, medicine, and synthetic biology. Yet this advancement is intrinsically linked to new vulnerabilities, as GenAI lowers the…

The rapid advancement of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has introduced new opportunities for transforming higher education, particularly in fields that require analytical reasoning and regulatory compliance, such as…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Mahmoud Elkhodr , Ergun Gide

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has already had a big impact on computing education with prior research identifying many benefits. However, recent studies have also identified potential risks and harms. To continue maximizing AI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Seth Bernstein , Ashfin Rahman , Nadia Sharifi , Ariunjargal Terbish , Stephen MacNeil

Large language models (LLMs)-powered AI agents exhibit a high level of autonomy in addressing medical and healthcare challenges. With the ability to access various tools, they can operate within an open-ended action space. However, with the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Jianing Qiu , Lin Li , Jiankai Sun , Hao Wei , Zhe Xu , Kyle Lam , Wu Yuan

The rapid advancement of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) capabilities is accompanied by a concerning rise in its misuse. In particular the generation of credible misinformation in the form of images poses a significant threat to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Sina Mavali , Jonas Ricker , David Pape , Asja Fischer , Lea Schönherr

Is robot cybersecurity broken by AI? Consumer robots -- from autonomous lawnmowers to powered exoskeletons and window cleaners -- are rapidly entering homes and workplaces, yet their security remains rooted in assumptions of specialized…

In the vast domain of cybersecurity, the transition from reactive defense to offensive has become critical in protecting digital infrastructures. This paper explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into offensive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Leroy Jacob Valencia

Since the first Graphical User Interface (GUI) prototype was invented in the 1970s, GUI systems have been deployed into various personal computer systems and server platforms. Recently, with the development of artificial intelligence (AI)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Ning Yu , Zachary Tuttle , Carl Jake Thurnau , Emmanuel Mireku

As frontier AI models become more capable, evaluating their potential to enable cyberattacks is crucial for ensuring the safe development of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Current cyber evaluation efforts are often ad-hoc, lacking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Mikel Rodriguez , Raluca Ada Popa , Four Flynn , Lihao Liang , Allan Dafoe , Anna Wang

The Chromium open-source project has become a fundamental piece of the Web as we know it today, with multiple vendors offering browsers based on its codebase. One of its most popular features is the possibility of altering or enhancing the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-01 José Miguel Moreno , Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez , Juan Tapiador

In recent years, the AI wave has grown rapidly in software development. Even novice developers can now design and generate complex framework-constrained software systems based on their high-level requirements with the help of Large Language…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yue Liu , Zhenchang Xing , Shidong Pan , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn

The increased adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents an opportunity to solve many socio-economic and environmental challenges; however, this cannot happen without securing AI-enabled technologies. In recent years, most AI models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Ayodeji Oseni , Nour Moustafa , Helge Janicke , Peng Liu , Zahir Tari , Athanasios Vasilakos

The daily deluge of alerts is a sombre reality for Security Operations Centre (SOC) personnel worldwide. They are at the forefront of an organisation's cybersecurity infrastructure, and face the unenviable task of prioritising threats…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Mahathir Almashor , Ejaz Ahmed , Benjamin Pick , Sharif Abuadbba , Jason Xue , Raj Gaire , Shuo Wang , Seyit Camtepe , Surya Nepal

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) pose significant risks, particularly in the realm of online election interference. This paper explores the nefarious applications of GenAI, highlighting their…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Emilio Ferrara

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly power generative search engines which, in turn, drive human information seeking and decision making at scale. The extent to which humans trust generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) can…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Haiwen Li , Sinan Aral

The growth of digitalization services via web browsers has simplified our daily routine of doing business. But at the same time, it has made the web browser very attractive for several cyber-attacks. Web phishing is a well-known cyberattack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Leand Thaqi , Arbnor Halili , Kamer Vishi , Blerim Rexha

The impact of frontier AI (i.e., AI agents and foundation models) in cybersecurity is rapidly increasing. In this paper, we comprehensively analyze this trend through multiple aspects: quantitative benchmarks, qualitative literature review,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Yujin Potter , Wenbo Guo , Zhun Wang , Tianneng Shi , Hongwei Li , Andy Zhang , Patrick Gage Kelley , Kurt Thomas , Dawn Song

URLs are central to a myriad of cyber-security threats, from phishing to the distribution of malware. Their inherent ease of use and familiarity is continuously abused by attackers to evade defences and deceive end-users. Seemingly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Mahathir Almashor , Ejaz Ahmed , Benjamin Pick , Sharif Abuadbba , Raj Gaire , Seyit Camtepe , Surya Nepal

There is an increase in global malware threats. To address this, an encryption-type ransomware has been introduced on the Android operating system. The challenges associated with malicious threats in phone use have become a pressing issue…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Parick Ozoh , John K Omoniyi , Bukola Ibitoye